Sanctioning Apartheid - KORA

Sanctioning Apartheid 11
to the negotiating table in the first place). And countries liste
Britain vocihmusly opposed provisions like the one that "banned
the issuing of new oil, coal, and gas leases to US suhkbries
with investment in South Africa or which export oil to South
Africa." That provision would haw had an adverse effect on the
Amerim business of British Petroleum and Shell, two British oil
kns with considerable mmmitnents in South Africa8
The sanctions legidation that died in the Senate in 1988 was
reintroduced in 1989. The expectation was that the House would
back the measure again and that the Swate would be the key
battleground for passage of any legislation, so the legislation was
first intrdueed in the Senate Foreign Relations Committee. The
measure did not emerge from the committee dtrring the 1989
congressional session Although the sandons debate will be
renewed in the 1990 session, it remains to be seen whether any
sanctions legislation will emerge intact or with modification.
Sanctions and Southern Africa
With sanctions becoming a real possibility by the mid-198hr
southem African states had to confront the hard choices of how
they stood on the issue. Douglas Anglin demonstrates hav the
sanctions isme became interlinked with s m , CommonwealthI
and international relations and how southern African states,
individually and mllective~y, have weighed the imphtions for
sanctions for their national and regional economies. Despite the
desire of leaders like Robert Mugabe of Zimbabwe and Kenneth
Kaunda of Zambia to push for sancYionsI they have had to deal
with the reality that the regiad states which implement
sanctions will have to pay a high price in the form of South
Afn'can reprisals and destabilization. Nevertheless, Anglin
believes that there are several modest ways in which southern
.African states can support the sanctions effort h g h aggressively
monitoring Swth &can sanctions busting at a national
level, by pining in a maed air ban on South Af15m.n air links
with the rest of the world, and by restricting financial transfers
to residents of South Afriea