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Government Organization Act (Alta.), 31 government structure in Nunavut, 205 in the Yukon, 204 Grade 13 (Ont.), 81, 85 graduation high school leaving examinations, 191 initiatives in Quebec, 102 rates in Newfoundland and Labrador, 177 rates in Nova Scotia, 149, 162n1 rates in Saskatchewan, 55 requirements in Northwest Territories, 207 requirements in Quebec, 103 Green Book, 108 Grimes, Roger D., 178 gross domestic product (GDP) percentage spent in Newfoundland and Labrador, 170 in Prince Edward Island, 193 in Quebec, 100 Gwich’in language, 206 H Hagen, Anita, 14 Hagen, Stan, 14 Halifax, Nova Scotia, 155 Halifax Regional Board, 150 Halifax Regional Municipality, 162n3 Halifax Regional School Board, 155, 162n3, 232 Halpin, D., 159 Hamilton District School Board, 87, 89 Hamm, John, 153 Handbook on Delivery of Special Education Programs and Services (PEI), 196 Harris, Mike, 234 Harrison, T.W., 32 health and safety, 90 Henley, D., 67, 220 Heritage Canada, 208, 230 Higher Council for Education (Quebec), 106 high school completion. See graduation High School Review Advisory Committee: Final Report (Sask.), 60 home education in Alberta, 32, 38 in BC, 24, 25 in Saskatchewan, 56, 58 Home Education Corporation of Alberta (HECA), 45n8 Homo Academicus (Bourdieu), 5–6 horizontal governance, 104–105 human rights, 229 I IMF (International Monetary Fund), 235 Improving the Quality of Education in British Columbia: Changes to British Columbia’s Education Policy, 14 imputability reporting, 104, 108 inclusion. See diversity Independent School Act (BC), 24–25 independent schools in BC, 24–25 in Manitoba, 65 in Saskatchewan, 56, 57 Independent Schools Support Act (BC), 24 Indian and Métis Education Policy from Kindergarten to Grade 12 (Sask.), 55 Indian Education, 16 Indicators 2004: A Report on Schools (Nfl d. and Lab.), 178 indicators of education in New Brunswick, 136, 144t New Brunswick, 144t Quebec, 101t Individual Education Plan, 73 Individual Support Services Planning Process (ISSP), 179 industrial relations. See collective agreements Industrial Relations Act (BC), 14 Information Economy Initiative (IEI), 153 information technology effect of, 3, 7 initiatives in Nova Scotia, 153 in-school administrators. See administrators Institute of Island Studies, 187, 193 instructional time, 84, 85, 91 An Integrated Framework to Enhance the Quality of Teaching in Alberta, 35 integration. See diversity Interdepartmental Children and Family Services Integration Forum, 53 Interdisciplinary Pedagogical Council of Quebec, 106 interdominational schools, 169, 172–173 International Commission on Education for the 21st Century, 173 internships in New Brunswick, 134–135 in Quebec, 105 interventionist state, 2 Inuinnaqtun, 205, 206 Inuit in Alberta, 40 language, 214 in Nunavut, 205, 206, 208, 212 Index 269
pan-Canadian themes, 231 population in Territories, 203 in Quebec, 107–108 Inuit Qaujimajatuqangit, 208 Inuktitut language, 205, 206, 210, 214 Inuuqatigiittiarniq, 205 Investing in Public Education: Advancing the Goal of Continuous Improvement in Student Learning and Achievement (Ont.), 87 Investir dans l’animation culturelle (Ont.), 87 Iqaluit, Nunavut, 205 Isaak, Pat, 72 Isle Madame, Nova Scotia, 155 J Japanese language instruction, 57 Jonson, Halvar, 32, 35–36 junk food ban, 90 K Kachur, J.L., 32 Kalinowski, T., 81, 87, 88, 204 Kativik school board, 107 Katz, S., 66 Key Performance Indicators Reporting Manual (NWT), 213 kindergarten class sizes, 37 dual entry, 13 full day program, 43 King, A., 90 King’s University College, 35 Kitikmeot Region, Nunavut, 205 Kivalliq (Keewatin) Region, Nunavut, 205 Klein, Ralph, 32, 234 Klein Revolution, 6, 32, 219, 222, 223 Knowledge House, 152 Kogan, M., 5 L labour relations. See collective agreements Labrador School Board, 171 Lang, D., 88 Langley, BC, 39 Langlois, H.D., 58 Language Education in BC Schools, 17 Language Education Policy, 17–18 languages Aboriginal in Northwest Territories, 210, 231 Aboriginal in the Yukon, 204, 205–206 access to diversity in, 17–18 270 Index in Northwest Territories, 206 in Nunavut, 205, 206 in Ontario, 80, 86–87 pan-Canadian themes and policies, 230 in Prince Edward Island, 195–196 in Quebec, 102, 107–108 in Saskatchewan, 57 Leard, D.W., 32, 35 learning disabilities, students with, 90 Learning for Life (NS), 152 Lee, L.E., 66 A Legacy for Learners (BC), 12–13 Legault, François, 104, 105 Leithwood, K., 88 Lemieux, Ron, 70–71, 72 Lessard, C., 104, 105 Levin, B., 66–67, 69, 220 Lewisporte/Gander School Board, 171 Liberal government in BC, 12, 19–20, 24 in Ontario, 79, 80, 89–90, 91, 94 in Quebec, 108 in the Yukon, 211 Link File, 14, 18 Literacy and Numeracy Secretariat, 89–90 literacy performance standards. See standardized tests literacy programs, 154 Locke, T., 236 Lord, Bernard, 140, 142 Lowther, L., 189, 191, 198 Lusignan, J., 105 Lyon, D.R., 19 M MacEachern, John, 151, 156, 161 MacKinnon, D., 157 MacKinnon, David, 163n12 Mahé decision, 230 Making the Schools of Today and Tomorrow: A Major Challenge (Quebec), 105 Malatest, R.A. and Associates, 17 Malcolmson, J.D., 19 Mamuitun Council, 231 Mandarin Chinese language instruction, 18 Manitoba, 65–74 accountability policies, 221, 222 class size, 71–72 curriculum, 223, 224 demographics, 65 diversity, 73–74 education as political device, 236 Education Ministers, 250t
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The evolution of professionalism: e
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Table of Contents Preface iii Intro
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iv Introduction
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The Context The history of teaching
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work to the different forms of capi
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describes May 1968 as a “historic
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simultaneously reacts to and create
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10 Introduction
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profession of teaching, standards,
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In 1991, the New Democratic Party w
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diversify their teaching skills and
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Policy required all students in Gra
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18, 2002, reported a current defi c
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Table 1. 1990-91 to 2002-03 Operati
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accompanied by acknowledged standar
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the number of teachers new to the B
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Lyon, D.R., and K.S. Douglas. 1999.
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30 Section 1: The West
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means of a resource manual. Three a
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schools followed a model already po
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and secure environments for all Alb
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from Kindergarten to Grade 3, 25 fr
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formed to assist the government wit
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• Develop and implement comprehen
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although principals and assistant p
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Alberta Learning. 2000. Shaping the
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48 Section 1: The West
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Saskatchewan’s educational polici
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As Tymchak (2001) has noted, this c
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The Government of Saskatchewan iden
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population (Saskatchewan Learning,
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As has been stated elsewhere in thi
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tests and Saskatchewan curriculum o
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) policy ideas begin as realization
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-- 2004a. Province responds to Boug
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In 1990, Filmon and his party were
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Outcomes-based Curricula The “New
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The last major alteration of school
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• The availability of qualifi ed
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of Manitoba Education and Youth (ww
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Levin, B. and J. Wiens. 2003. There
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78 Section 3: Central Canada
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Policy Trends 1960-1990 During a 30
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Within six months of the Royal Comm
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Bill 160 mandated greater restricti
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the specifi city in curriculum expe
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ecommended a funding increase of $1
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Secretariat, and committed $160 mil
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enable this to happen. This shift i
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from Liberals, to New Democrats, to
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-- 2003a. 97 percent of teacher can
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schools. Finally, the last section
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The Commission identifi ed 10 areas
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énoncé de politique et plan d’a
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• Twelve professional competencie
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tongue. In 2001, as part of the imp
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-- 1993. La décentralisation en é
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-- 1996. Rapport du groupe de trava
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Rulings Régime pédagogique de l
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personnel enseignant. La sixième p
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Troisième partie : le curriculum d
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Quatrième partie : La gouvernance
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À l’automne 1992, le ministre Pa
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• Un Comité sur les affaires rel
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l’imputabilité et de la redditio
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-- (1992), La gestion de l’éduca
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-- (1994), L’école au cœur des
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various players in the system, the
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The document noted that such a rest
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announced started in September 2003
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• creating a committee to establi
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each district as well. These commit
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Events Year Texts/policies/statemen
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-- 1993. Ministerial Statement - Sc
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Internet Sites Association des ense
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to be funded by a formula that comb
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Cameron’s wage freeze was followe
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standardized testing regime, much o
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Shore Boards) with a centralized um
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This fi nding effectively echoed te
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a tight-loose policy framework, cou
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Beginning in 1995, however, the “
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Conference Board of Canada. 1992. E
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-- 1998a. Program policy for French
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168 Section 4: The Atlantic Region
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een falling. As of September 1995,
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all actors in the Newfoundland and
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school districts, MUN, and the NLTA
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management trends in other Canadian
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of schools”, especially given the
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References Atlantic Provinces Educa
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-- 1999. News Release (January 6):
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-- 2004. Budget speech. St. John’
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186 Section 4: The Atlantic Region
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In 1999, the Minister of Education
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Grades 1 to 12 follow the program.
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system results, the Department has
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Other improvements included the int
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participate in the early immersion
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approximately 50 hours per week”
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-- 2001d. Schools in Society. Charl
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Lowther, L. 2004. Private written c
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The Territories The Yukon Territory
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to develop First Nations curriculum
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Yukon Native Teacher Education Prog
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profi t organizations are also impo
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training, a new computer-based info
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to Inuktitut, the language of the I
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-- 2002. Standing Committee on Heal
Page 225 and 226: -- 2003. Public Schools Branch Annu
Page 227 and 228: y BC in 2001. These changes, made p
Page 229 and 230: change, although in the opposite di
Page 231 and 232: and a core curriculum are intimatel
Page 233 and 234: school must decide between an advis
Page 235 and 236: thus policy was given as fait accom
Page 237 and 238: combat racism. The French tradition
Page 239 and 240: The discourse of inclusion is an at
Page 241 and 242: of the Newfoundland and Labrador Te
Page 243 and 244: (Brodie, 1995, p. 386). Similarly,
Page 245 and 246: Table 9. School Councils Province N
Page 247 and 248: References Alberta Learning. 2003.
Page 249 and 250: 242 Appendices
Page 251 and 252: 244 Appendices
Page 253 and 254: Party: Premier Minister Ministry Po
Page 255 and 256: Appendix 3. Saskatchewan Ministers
Page 257 and 258: Appendix 4. Manitoba Ministers of E
Page 259 and 260: Party: Premier Minister Ministry Po
Page 261 and 262: Premier Political Party Lucien Bouc
Page 263 and 264: Premiers ministres Partis Lucien Bo
Page 265 and 266: Appendix 7. Premiers, Political Par
Page 267 and 268: 260 Index
Page 269 and 270: accountability, 38-39, 40, 222 curr
Page 271 and 272: British Columbia, Ministry of Skill
Page 273 and 274: curriculum for Aboriginal students,
Page 275: Final Report of the Commission of C
Page 279 and 280: indicators of education, 144t langu
Page 281 and 282: governance structure changes in BC,
Page 283 and 284: languages, 230 per-student expendit
Page 285 and 286: einforcement of role, 136 religious
Page 287 and 288: Saskatchewan demographics, 55-57 Sa
Page 289 and 290: Y Year 2000: A Framework for Learni
Page 291 and 292: égalité des chances, 117, 121, 12
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