Powering Europe - European Wind Energy Association

More documents

Recommendations

Info

arrierstointegratingwindpowerintothepowermarket • Sufficient internal network capacity 1 providing access to distributed generation and balancing resources, also enabling the aggregation of dispersed wind power. • Operating close to real time to improve wind power forecast accuracy and minimise uncertainty and the additional balancing costs. • Availability of a multitude of balancing resources (facilitated by ‘the first point’ above). • Availability of responsive demand and storage, e.g. in the form of hydro power. European markets are in the process of being liberalised while enhancing sustainability, competitiveness and security of supply. Wind power integration would be best supported by a power market characterised by the following aspects: • Flexibility of the rescheduling of dispatch decisions (time dimension) supported by functioning dayahead, intraday and balancing markets. • Flexibility of cross-border exchange supported by sufficient cross border capacities, efficient trading rules and functioning day-ahead, intraday and balancing markets. A high flexibility of rescheduling of dispatch decisions will be required when demand and generation are subject to frequent and significant unexpected changes during the day. Flexibility is provided by generation units with short activation times, e.g. combined cycle gas turbine units or reservoir hydro units. 122 Flexibility of cross-border exchange is beneficial for market harmonisation. With an increasing share of variable generation, flexible cross-border exchange mechanisms contribute to optimising the dispatch of electricity at international rather than national level. The efficiency of cross-border exchange also depends strongly on the mechanism for capacity allocation. Ideally, capacity should be allocated in an implicit way via market coupling mechanisms rather than by an explicit auction. Traditionally, market rules in Europe were developed for nationally contained power systems with largely thermal and centrally dispatched generation units. The difficulties wind energy faces in gaining market access are to a large extent due to the fact that existing markets do not have the characteristics mentioned in the five bullet points at the beginning of this page. Significant barriers include the level of market access for small and distributed wind power generators, and the lack of information about spot market prices in alternative neighbouring markets during the allocation of cross-border capacity. Barriers faced by small generators may be overcome by aggregation, and the lack of information from alternative markets may be overcome by the coupling of national markets with implicit capacity allocation. Examples for market coupling are the NordPool market in the Nordic countries and the ‘Pentalateral’ market coupling between the Benelux, France and Germany. 1 In a large system like Europe, the internal network includes the cross-border links between Member States. Powering Europe: wind energy and the electricity grid
DeVelOpmeNtSINtheeUrOpeaN electrIcItymarket 3.1 Liberalised national markets The reason for liberalising the European electricity market is to create a competitive and truly integrated electricity market in the European Union. The first years of liberalisation were characterised by the opening of national markets for competition. As ownership unbundling of generation, transmission and distribution progresses, utility companies in their traditional form will cease to exist. The public obligation of the vertically integrated utility - to keep the lights on by controlling generation, transport and distribution - is no longer valid, and gives way to self-dispatch mechanisms. This means that while the transmission network is controlled by the TSO, the power plants are dispatched by the market participants. chApTEr 5 electrIcItymarketDeSIgN In order to guarantee network security, self-dispatch will be accompanied by balancing obligations. Each user of the transmission grid will be responsible for keeping his activities neutral with respect to the grid, that is, maintaining the equilibrium of injections to and withdrawals from the transmission system for its portfolio. As a consequence, in a liberalised market, grid users present the TSO with a balanced programme on a day-ahead basis, with a time resolution of between 15 minutes and one hour. Imbalances (violations of the generation-load equilibrium of a particular portfolio) are settled ex-post with the TSO at an imbalance tariff that is unfavourable compared to market prices. The TSO keeps the responsibility for the balance of its control zone, contributing thus to overall system security. The means to do so, namely the reserve power plants, are contracted from market participants able to provide fast regulating power. 123 Photo: Thinkstock
Page 1 and 2:
Powering Europe: wind energy and th
Page 3 and 4:
CONTENTS chapter1 Introduction:
Page 5 and 6:
1 INtrODUctION:aeUrOpeaNVI
Page 7 and 8:
available for dealing with variable
Page 9 and 10:
Europe has a particular competitive
Page 11 and 12:
odies ENTSO-E and ACER, the key del
Page 13 and 14:
maINchalleNgeSaNDISSUeS
Page 15 and 16:
4.1 Wind generation and wind plants
Page 17 and 18:
such as in Spain, demonstrate that
Page 19 and 20:
With the very high shares of wind p
Page 21 and 22:
power capacity reaching 265 GW in 2
Page 23 and 24:
tablE 1: RolEs anD REsPonsibilitiEs
Page 25 and 26:
Grid infrastructure upgrade Reinfor
Page 27 and 28:
Institutional and regulatory aspect
Page 29 and 30:
Legend The grid maps depict the evo
Page 31 and 32:
European renewable energy grid 2020
Page 33 and 34:
European renewable energy grid 2040
Page 35 and 36:
2 WINDgeNeratIONaNDWIND
Page 37 and 38:
operates below its peak efficiency
Page 39 and 40:
tablE 1: oVERViEw of winD tURbinE C
Page 41 and 42:
fiGURE 2: winD tURbinE PowER CURVE
Page 43 and 44:
grid, such as large conventional ge
Page 45 and 46:
Of special interest for system oper
Page 47 and 48:
fiGURE 6: ExaMPlE of thE sMoothinG
Page 49 and 50:
temperature gradients, wind speeds
Page 51 and 52:
fiGURE 10: foRECast aCCURaCy in sPa
Page 53 and 54:
1.4 Impacts of large-scale wind pow
Page 55 and 56:
cONNectINgWINDpOWertOth
Page 57 and 58:
2.2 An overview of the present grid
Page 59 and 60:
network element is important for sy
Page 61 and 62:
The implementation of further liber
Page 63 and 64:
to 24 hours ahead). Furthermore, we
Page 65 and 66:
INtrODUctION While today’s power
Page 67 and 68:
alancingdemand,conventional
Page 69 and 70: alancingdemand,conventional
Page 71 and 72: alancingdemand,conventional
Page 73 and 74: Improvedwindpowermanagemen
Page 75 and 76: WaySOfeNhaNcINgWINDpOWe
Page 77 and 78: Waysofenhancingwindpowe
Page 79 and 80: Windpower’scontributiont
Page 81 and 82: Windpower’scontributiont
Page 83 and 84: Nationalandeuropeanintegra
Page 91 and 92: 92 aNNex:prINcIpleSOfpOWer
Page 93 and 94: 4 UpgraDINgelectrIcItyNetWOrk
Page 95 and 96: transportation of power from genera
Page 97 and 98: ImmeDIateOppOrtUNItIeSfOrU
Page 99 and 100: lONgertermImprOVemeNtStO
Page 101 and 102: it compares favourably to a radial
Page 103 and 104: It was found that despite TEN-E, th
Page 105 and 106: • Reduce dependency on gas and oi
Page 107 and 108: technology with the following typic
Page 109 and 110: network planning carried out by the
Page 111 and 112: The studies either allocate the tot
Page 113 and 114: existing distributed assets includi
Page 115 and 116: SUmmary Upgrading the European n
Page 117 and 118: 5 electrIcItymarketDeSIgN Pho
Page 119: arrIerStOINtegratINgWIND
Page 123 and 124: 3.3 Legal framework for further lib
Page 125 and 126: • Wind power support schemes are
Page 127 and 128: guideline and subsequent network co
Page 129 and 130: ackgrOUND Wind power in the EU has
Page 131 and 132: INtrODUctION This study aims to ana
Page 133 and 134: Introduction However, this study in
Page 135 and 136: SUmmaryOffINDINgS Numerous st
Page 137 and 138: methODOlOgy This chapter describes
Page 139 and 140: methodology 4.2 Modelling Modelling
Page 141 and 142: aNalySIS 5.1 Modelling results Meri
Page 143 and 144: analysis In order to assess the mer
Page 145 and 146: analysis Merit order and volume mer
Page 147 and 148: analysis fiGURE 9: EnDoGEnoUs inVEs
Page 149 and 150: analysis fiGURE 11: total installED
Page 151 and 152: analysis fiGURE 14: tRaDE flows foR
Page 153 and 154: analysis fiGURE 15: sEnsitiVity anD
Page 155 and 156: analysis and natural gas in the bas
Page 157 and 158: analysis equilibrium price of €90
Page 159 and 160: cONclUSION The modelling analysi
Page 161 and 162: aNNex 7.1 Assumptions in the model
Page 163 and 164: annex fiGURE 19: lonG-tERM MaRGinal
Page 165 and 166: annex The Classic Carbon model is a
Page 167 and 168: annex marketpowermodelling Al
Page 169 and 170: eferences,glossaryandabbre
Page 171 and 172:
eferences,glossaryandabbre
Page 173 and 174:
Page 175 and 176:
Page 177 and 178:
show all

Powering Europe - European Wind Energy Association

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

Delete template?

Save as template?