Powering Europe - European Wind Energy Association

More documents

Recommendations

Info

Integrationofwindpowerineurope:thefacts The costs of upgrading of the European network should be socialised. Grid connection charges should be fair and transparent and competition should be encouraged. Major national studies in the UK, Germany and Denmark confirm that system integration costs are only a fraction of the actual consumer price of electricity, ranging from € 0-4/MWh (consumer level), even under the most conservative assumptions. Integration costs at European level beyond penetration levels of about 25% are not expected to increase steeply. Their value depends on how the underlying system architecture changes over time as the amount of installed wind gradually increases, together with other generating technologies being removed or added to the system. The main tool for providing a pan-European planning vision for grid infrastructure in line with the long-term EU policy targets should be the regularly updated tenyear network development plan (TYNDP) drafted by the newly established body of European TSOs (ENTSO-E). The TYNDP should reflect the Member States’ wind power generation forecasts, as provided in their National Renewable Energy Action Plans, realistically by providing sufficient corridors of adequate capacity. Technologies such as underground HVDC should be used where it can accelerate the implementation. Accelerated development and standardisation of transmission technology, more specifically multi-terminal HVDC VSC is necessary to avoid unnecessary delays. Neither the proper regulatory conditions, nor any attractive legal incentives for multinational transmission are in place. Significant barriers to expansion of the network towards a truly pan-European grid exist, including public opposition to new power lines (causing very long lead times), high investment costs and financing needs and the absence of proper cost allocation and recovery methods for transmission lines serving more than just the national interest of a single country. 11 http://www.offshoregrid.eu 18 There is a wide range of short term actions that can optimise the use of the existing infrastructure and transmission corridors. These will help the European transmission system to take up the fast-growing wind power installed capacity, while maintaining high levels of system security. Dynamic line rating and rewiring with high-temperature conductors can significantly increase the available capacity of transmission corridors. A range of power flow technologies (FACTS) and improved operational strategies are suitable immediate options to further optimise the utilisation of the existing network. Some of these measures have already been adopted in the regions of Europe that have large amounts of wind power. A transnational offshore grid should be constructed to improve the functioning of the Internal Electricity Market and to connect the expected increase in offshore wind energy capacity. Such an offshore grid would require investments in the order of €20 to €30 billion up to 2030. Such an offshore grid should be built in stages, starting from TSOs’ existing plans and gradually moving to a meshed network. Demonstration projects connecting offshore wind farms to two or three countries should be built in the short term to test concepts and develop optimal technical and regulatory solutions. The consequences for the onshore grid in terms of reinforcement in the coastal zones should be considered at an early stage. The creation of the necessary infrastructure for deploying offshore wind power should be coordinated at European level. The visions developed by EWEA – of 40 GW offshore wind energy capacity in 2020 and 150 GW by 2030 - and backed up by projects like OffshoreGrid 11 should be taken forward and implemented by the European Commission and ENTSO-E. A suitable business model for investing in the onshore and offshore power grids and interconnectors should be rapidly introduced based on a regulated rate of return for investments. Powering Europe: wind energy and the electricity grid
With the very high shares of wind power and renewable generation expected in the future, the entire transmission and distribution system has to be designed and operated as an integrated unit, in order to optimally manage more distributed and flexible generation together with a more responsive demand side. Innovative and effective measures need to be deployed such as ‘smart grids’, also termed ‘active networks’, ‘intelligent grids’ or ‘intelligent networks’, and assisted with adequate monitoring and control methods to manage high concentrations of variable generation, especially at distribution level. An important research task for the future is to investigate the use of controlled, dynamic loads to contribute to network services such as frequency response. Proper regulatory frameworks need to be developed to provide attractive legal conditions and incentives to encourage cross-border transmission. This can be helped by building on the experience of “European Coordinators”, which were appointed to facilitate the implementation of the most critical identified priority projects within the European TEN-E, particularly where the Coordinator has a clearly defined (and limited) objective. European energy regulators and ENTSO-E could implement regional committees to ensure regional/transnational infrastructure projects are swiftly completed. Furthermore, the set-up of one central authorising body within a Member State in charge of cross-border projects is worth exploring. There is a great need for further short-term and longterm R&D in wind energy development at national and European level, in order to develop onshore and offshore technology even more, enable large scale renewable electricity to be integrated into Europe’s energy systems and maintain European companies’ strong global market position in wind energy technology. An appropriate framework for coordinating the identification of the research needs has been established by the EU’s Wind Energy Technology Platform (TP- Wind). The research needs for the text ten years are chApTEr 1 INtrODUctION:aeUrOpeaNVISION presented in the European Wind Initiative, which has a budget of €6 billion, (the Wind Initiative is one of the European Industrial Initiatives which constitute part of the Strategic Energy Technology Plan) 12 . In the field of grid integration, TPWind has set up a dialogue with another Industrial Initiative: the Grid Initiative. Research priorities for wind integration are: • Solutions for grid connections between offshore wind farms and HVAC and HVDC grids, and the development of multi-terminal HV DC grids • Wind plants that can provide system support, and novel control and operating modes such as virtual power plants • Balancing power systems and market operation in view of design of future power systems with increased flexibility • Transmission technologies, architecture and operational tools • More active distribution networks and tools for distributed renewable management and demand-side response • Tools for probabilistic planning and operation, including load and generation modelling, short-term forecasting of wind power and market tools for balancing and congestion management 13 . 4.4 Electricity market design Imperfect competition and market distortion are barriers to the integration of wind power in Europe. Examples of major imperfections are the threshold to market access for small and distributed wind power generators and the lack of information about spot market prices in neighbouring markets during the allocation of cross-border capacity. In order for a power market to be truly competitive, sufficient transmission capacity is required between the market regions. The European Commission together with relevant stakeholders (TSOs, regulators, power exchanges, producers, developers and traders) must enforce a 12 http://ec.europa.eu/energy/technology/set_plan/set_plan_en.htm 13 Example of such tools can be found in the market model under development in the Fp7 project OpTIMATE: http://www.optimate-platform.eu/ 19
Page 1 and 2: Powering Europe: wind energy and th
Page 3 and 4: CONTENTS chapter1 Introduction:
Page 5 and 6: 1 INtrODUctION:aeUrOpeaNVI
Page 7 and 8: available for dealing with variable
Page 9 and 10: Europe has a particular competitive
Page 11 and 12: odies ENTSO-E and ACER, the key del
Page 13 and 14: maINchalleNgeSaNDISSUeS
Page 15 and 16: 4.1 Wind generation and wind plants
Page 17: such as in Spain, demonstrate that
Page 21 and 22: power capacity reaching 265 GW in 2
Page 23 and 24: tablE 1: RolEs anD REsPonsibilitiEs
Page 25 and 26: Grid infrastructure upgrade Reinfor
Page 27 and 28: Institutional and regulatory aspect
Page 29 and 30: Legend The grid maps depict the evo
Page 31 and 32: European renewable energy grid 2020
Page 33 and 34: European renewable energy grid 2040
Page 35 and 36: 2 WINDgeNeratIONaNDWIND
Page 37 and 38: operates below its peak efficiency
Page 39 and 40: tablE 1: oVERViEw of winD tURbinE C
Page 41 and 42: fiGURE 2: winD tURbinE PowER CURVE
Page 43 and 44: grid, such as large conventional ge
Page 45 and 46: Of special interest for system oper
Page 47 and 48: fiGURE 6: ExaMPlE of thE sMoothinG
Page 49 and 50: temperature gradients, wind speeds
Page 51 and 52: fiGURE 10: foRECast aCCURaCy in sPa
Page 53 and 54: 1.4 Impacts of large-scale wind pow
Page 55 and 56: cONNectINgWINDpOWertOth
Page 57 and 58: 2.2 An overview of the present grid
Page 59 and 60: network element is important for sy
Page 61 and 62: The implementation of further liber
Page 63 and 64: to 24 hours ahead). Furthermore, we
Page 65 and 66: INtrODUctION While today’s power
Page 67 and 68: alancingdemand,conventional
Page 69 and 70:
alancingdemand,conventional
Page 71 and 72:
alancingdemand,conventional
Page 73 and 74:
Improvedwindpowermanagemen
Page 75 and 76:
WaySOfeNhaNcINgWINDpOWe
Page 77 and 78:
Waysofenhancingwindpowe
Page 79 and 80:
Windpower’scontributiont
Page 81 and 82:
Windpower’scontributiont
Page 83 and 84:
Nationalandeuropeanintegra
Page 85 and 86:
Page 87 and 88:
Page 89 and 90:
Page 91 and 92:
92 aNNex:prINcIpleSOfpOWer
Page 93 and 94:
4 UpgraDINgelectrIcItyNetWOrk
Page 95 and 96:
transportation of power from genera
Page 97 and 98:
ImmeDIateOppOrtUNItIeSfOrU
Page 99 and 100:
lONgertermImprOVemeNtStO
Page 101 and 102:
it compares favourably to a radial
Page 103 and 104:
It was found that despite TEN-E, th
Page 105 and 106:
• Reduce dependency on gas and oi
Page 107 and 108:
technology with the following typic
Page 109 and 110:
network planning carried out by the
Page 111 and 112:
The studies either allocate the tot
Page 113 and 114:
existing distributed assets includi
Page 115 and 116:
SUmmary Upgrading the European n
Page 117 and 118:
5 electrIcItymarketDeSIgN Pho
Page 119 and 120:
arrIerStOINtegratINgWIND
Page 121 and 122:
DeVelOpmeNtSINtheeUrOpeaN
Page 123 and 124:
3.3 Legal framework for further lib
Page 125 and 126:
• Wind power support schemes are
Page 127 and 128:
guideline and subsequent network co
Page 129 and 130:
ackgrOUND Wind power in the EU has
Page 131 and 132:
INtrODUctION This study aims to ana
Page 133 and 134:
Introduction However, this study in
Page 135 and 136:
SUmmaryOffINDINgS Numerous st
Page 137 and 138:
methODOlOgy This chapter describes
Page 139 and 140:
methodology 4.2 Modelling Modelling
Page 141 and 142:
aNalySIS 5.1 Modelling results Meri
Page 143 and 144:
analysis In order to assess the mer
Page 145 and 146:
analysis Merit order and volume mer
Page 147 and 148:
analysis fiGURE 9: EnDoGEnoUs inVEs
Page 149 and 150:
analysis fiGURE 11: total installED
Page 151 and 152:
analysis fiGURE 14: tRaDE flows foR
Page 153 and 154:
analysis fiGURE 15: sEnsitiVity anD
Page 155 and 156:
analysis and natural gas in the bas
Page 157 and 158:
analysis equilibrium price of €90
Page 159 and 160:
cONclUSION The modelling analysi
Page 161 and 162:
aNNex 7.1 Assumptions in the model
Page 163 and 164:
annex fiGURE 19: lonG-tERM MaRGinal
Page 165 and 166:
annex The Classic Carbon model is a
Page 167 and 168:
annex marketpowermodelling Al
Page 169 and 170:
eferences,glossaryandabbre
Page 171 and 172:
Page 173 and 174:
Page 175 and 176:
Page 177 and 178:
show all

Powering Europe - European Wind Energy Association

Create successful ePaper yourself

Delete template?

Save as template?