Powering Europe - European Wind Energy Association
Powering Europe - European Wind Energy Association
Powering Europe - European Wind Energy Association
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Improvedwindpowermanagement<br />
• Capacity control<br />
• Minimisation of ramp rates<br />
Non-controllable wind farms can be supported by controllable<br />
ones in a particular cluster. This strategy will<br />
allow hybrid clusters to fulfil their requirements.<br />
contributionofwindpowerincongestion<br />
management<br />
From time to time wind power generation achieves, and<br />
can exceed, the maximum temperature allowed of grid<br />
components. The situations can be foreseen and avoided<br />
by network simulations based on wind generation<br />
forecasting and the limitation of wind power output to a<br />
pre-calculated threshold. Different wind farms in a cluster<br />
can be curtailed differently, thus giving an opportunity<br />
for an economical optimisation of the process.<br />
lossesreduction,optimisationofactiveandreactivepowerflows<br />
<strong>Wind</strong> power generation is variable not only over time,<br />
but also geographically, and geographical variations<br />
can lead to power flows over large distances and associated<br />
power losses. Such situations can be identified<br />
beforehand and reduced or even completely prevented<br />
fiGURE 4: winD faRM ClUstER ManaGEMEnt systEM [isEt, 2005]<br />
Generation<br />
Group Cluster<br />
Generation<br />
Group<br />
single<br />
Generation<br />
74<br />
Requirements:<br />
Profile based operation Mode<br />
• uninfluenced operation<br />
• power limitation<br />
• energy compliance<br />
• constant power output<br />
• supply of control energy<br />
Requirements:<br />
• maximum power limitation<br />
(dynamic threshold values)<br />
• short circuit current<br />
• emergency cut-off (disconnection)<br />
by network outages<br />
• coordinated start-up and shut-down<br />
procedures (gradients limitation)<br />
Requirements:<br />
• safe and reliable operation<br />
• maximum energy yield<br />
by the interaction of wind clusters with conventional<br />
power plants. The transmission of reactive power can<br />
be managed in a similar way.<br />
Implementation of these operating methods will significantly<br />
increase wind energy’s economic value to the<br />
system by keeping the additional balancing costs to a<br />
minimum. Based on innovative wind farm operational<br />
control, a control unit between system operators and<br />
wind farm clusters, wind farm cluster management will<br />
enable profile based generation (i.e. the output of a<br />
generation cluster following a certain time schedule<br />
facilitating system operation) and management of the<br />
following tasks:<br />
• taking account of data from online acquisition and<br />
prediction<br />
• aggregation and distribution of predicted power generation<br />
to different clusters<br />
• consideration of network restrictions arising from<br />
network topology<br />
• consideration of restrictions arising from power<br />
plant scheduling and electricity trading<br />
• scaling of threshold values<br />
• allocation of target values to different clusters and<br />
generation plants<br />
Generation<br />
Group 1<br />
tso control unit<br />
Generation Group Cluster<br />
Generation<br />
Group 2<br />
Generation<br />
Group n<br />
Gen 1,1 Gen 1,2 Gen 1,3 Gen 2,1 Gen 2,2 Gen n,n<br />
<strong>Powering</strong> <strong>Europe</strong>: wind energy and the electricity grid
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