Powering Europe - European Wind Energy Association

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chapter6 • Bach, 2009 Bach, Paul Erik. Effect of Wind Power on Spot Prices. Renewable Energy Foundation, London, UK. • Bode, 2006 Bode, Sven. Impact of Renewable Energy Support Schemes on Power Prices. Hamburgisches WeltWirtschaftsInstitut. HWWI Research Paper 4-7. • Delarue, 2009 Delarue, Erik D., Luickx, Patrick J., D’haeseleer, William D. The actual effect of wind power on overall electricity generation costs and CO2 emissions. Energy Conversion and Management 50 (2009) 1450–1456. • DEA, 2009 Danish Energy Agency. 2009. Energy Statistics 2008. • DEAg, 2005 Deutsche Energie Agentur. Integration into the national grid of onshore and offshore wind energy generated in Germany by the year 2020. Grid Study I. • EC, 2009 European Commission. EU Energy in Figures 2010. • EC, 2010 European Commission. Communication: International climate policy post-Copenhagen: Acting now to reinvigorate global action on climate change. COM(2010) 86 final. • EWEA, 2009a European Wind Energy Association. Trade Wind: Integrating Wind - Developing Europe’s power market for the large-scale integration of wind power. • EWEA, 2009b European Wind Energy Association. Pure Power- Wind energy targets for 2020 and 2030 - 2009 update. • GME, 2009 German Ministry for Environment. Langfristszenarien und Strategien für den Ausbau erneuerbarer Energien in Deutschland, Leitszenario 2009. • Goransson, 2008 Goransson, Lisa and Johnsson, Filip. Dispatch Modelling of a Regional Power Generation System: Integrating Wind Power. Renewable Energy 34 (2009) 1040–1049. • IEA, 2008 International Energy Agency (IEA). 2008. World Energy Outlook 2009. OECD/IEA - 2009 • Johnsson, 2009 Jonsson, Tryggvi, Pinson, Pierre and Madsen, Henrik. Day-Ahead Electricity Prices in Denmark: The Impact of Wind Power Forecasts and On the Market Impact of Wind Energy Forecasts. Energy Economics (2009) 10.018. • Munksgaard, 2008 Munksgaard, J. and Morthorst, Poul Erik. Wind Power in the Danish Liberalised Power Market - Policy Measures, Price Impact and Investor Incentives. Energy Policy 2008. • Neubarth, 2006 Neubarth, Juergen et.al. Beeinflussung der Spotmarktpreise durch Windstromerzeugung. Energiewirtschaftliche Tagesfragen 56. Jg. (2006) Issue 7. • Nicolsi, 2009 Nicolsi, Marco and Fürsch, Michaela. The Impact of Increasing Share of RES-E on the Conventional Power Market - The example of Germany. Zeitschrift fuer Energiewirtschaft 03/2009. • Saenz, 2008 Sáenz Miera, Gonzalo, Del Río Gonz´ales, Pablo and Vizciano, Ignacio. Analysing the Impact of Renewable Energy Support Schemes on Power Prices: The Case of Wind Energy in Spain. Energy Policy 36 (2008) 3345– 3359. • Sensfuss, 2007 Sensfuss, Frank. Ragwitz, Mario and Genoese, Massimo. Merit Order Effect: A detailed analysis of the price effect of renewable electricity generation on spot prices in Germany. Fraunhofer Institute Systems and Innovation Research. Energy Policy 36 (2008) 3086– 3094. • Varian, 1992 Varian. Microeconomic Analysis, third edition, Norton, New York. • Weigt, 2008 Weigt, Hannes. Germany’s Wind Energy: The Potential for Fossil Capacity Replacement and Cost Saving. Applied Energy 86 (2009) 1857–1863. 175
eferences,glossaryandabbreviations aCtiVE PowER Is a real component of the apparent power, usually expressed in kilowatts (kW) or megawatts (MW), in contrast to REACTIVE POWER (UCTE). aDEqUaCy A measure of the ability of the power system to supply the aggregate electric power and energy requirements to the customers within component ratings and voltage limits, taking into account planned and unplanned outages of system components. Adequacy measures the capability of the power system to supply the load in all the steady states in which the power system may exist considering standards conditions (CIGRE definition). anCillaRy sERViCEs Are Interconnected Operations Services identified as necessary to perform a transfer of electricity between purchasing and selling entities (TRANSMISSION) and which a provider of TRANSMISSION services must include in an open access transmission tariff (UCTE). CaPaCity Is the rated continuous load-carrying ability of generation, transmission, or other electrical equipment, expressed in megawatts (MW) for ACTIVE POWER or megavolt-amperes (MVA) for APPARENT POWER (UCTE). CaPaCity CREDit See CAPACITY VALUE CaPaCity faCtoR (load factor) Is the ratio between the average generated power in a given period and the installed (rated) power. CaPaCity ValUE Also denoted as CAPACITY CREDIT of installed wind power capacity measures the amount of conventional generation that can be replaced by wind power capacity while maintaining existing level of supply security. ContinGEnCy Is the unexpected failure or outage of a system component, such as a generator, transmission line, circuit breaker, switch, or other electrical element. A CONTINGENCY also may include multiple components, which are related by situations leading to simultaneous component outages (UCTE). ContRol aREa Is a coherent part of the ENTSO-E INTERCONNECTED SYSTEM (usually coincident with the territory of a company, a country or a geographical area, physically demarcated by the position of points for measurement of the interchanged power and energy to the remaining interconnected network), operated by a single TSO, with physical loads and controllable generation units connected within the CONTROL AREA. A CONTROL AREA may be a coherent part of a CONTROL BLOCK that has its own subordinate control in the hierarchy of SECONDARY CONTROL (UCTE). ContRol bloCk Comprises one or more CONTROL AREAS, working together in the SECONDARY CONTROL function, with respect to the other CONTROL BLOCKS of the SYN- CHRONOUS AREA it belongs to (UCTE). CURtailMEnt Means a reduction in the scheduled capacity or energy delivery (UCTE). DynaMiC linE RatinG Controlled adaptation of transmission line rating as a function of continuously measured line temperature. 176 Powering Europe: wind energy and the electricity grid
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Powering Europe: wind energy and th
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CONTENTS chapter1 Introduction:
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1 INtrODUctION:aeUrOpeaNVI
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available for dealing with variable
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Europe has a particular competitive
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odies ENTSO-E and ACER, the key del
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maINchalleNgeSaNDISSUeS
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4.1 Wind generation and wind plants
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such as in Spain, demonstrate that
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With the very high shares of wind p
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power capacity reaching 265 GW in 2
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tablE 1: RolEs anD REsPonsibilitiEs
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Grid infrastructure upgrade Reinfor
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Institutional and regulatory aspect
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Legend The grid maps depict the evo
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European renewable energy grid 2020
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European renewable energy grid 2040
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2 WINDgeNeratIONaNDWIND
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operates below its peak efficiency
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tablE 1: oVERViEw of winD tURbinE C
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fiGURE 2: winD tURbinE PowER CURVE
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grid, such as large conventional ge
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Of special interest for system oper
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fiGURE 6: ExaMPlE of thE sMoothinG
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temperature gradients, wind speeds
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fiGURE 10: foRECast aCCURaCy in sPa
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1.4 Impacts of large-scale wind pow
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cONNectINgWINDpOWertOth
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2.2 An overview of the present grid
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network element is important for sy
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The implementation of further liber
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to 24 hours ahead). Furthermore, we
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INtrODUctION While today’s power
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alancingdemand,conventional
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Improvedwindpowermanagemen
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WaySOfeNhaNcINgWINDpOWe
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Waysofenhancingwindpowe
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Windpower’scontributiont
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Windpower’scontributiont
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Nationalandeuropeanintegra
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92 aNNex:prINcIpleSOfpOWer
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4 UpgraDINgelectrIcItyNetWOrk
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transportation of power from genera
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ImmeDIateOppOrtUNItIeSfOrU
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lONgertermImprOVemeNtStO
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it compares favourably to a radial
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It was found that despite TEN-E, th
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• Reduce dependency on gas and oi
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technology with the following typic
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network planning carried out by the
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The studies either allocate the tot
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existing distributed assets includi
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SUmmary Upgrading the European n
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5 electrIcItymarketDeSIgN Pho
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arrIerStOINtegratINgWIND
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Page 123 and 124: 3.3 Legal framework for further lib
Page 125 and 126: • Wind power support schemes are
Page 127 and 128: guideline and subsequent network co
Page 129 and 130: ackgrOUND Wind power in the EU has
Page 131 and 132: INtrODUctION This study aims to ana
Page 133 and 134: Introduction However, this study in
Page 135 and 136: SUmmaryOffINDINgS Numerous st
Page 137 and 138: methODOlOgy This chapter describes
Page 139 and 140: methodology 4.2 Modelling Modelling
Page 141 and 142: aNalySIS 5.1 Modelling results Meri
Page 143 and 144: analysis In order to assess the mer
Page 145 and 146: analysis Merit order and volume mer
Page 147 and 148: analysis fiGURE 9: EnDoGEnoUs inVEs
Page 149 and 150: analysis fiGURE 11: total installED
Page 151 and 152: analysis fiGURE 14: tRaDE flows foR
Page 153 and 154: analysis fiGURE 15: sEnsitiVity anD
Page 155 and 156: analysis and natural gas in the bas
Page 157 and 158: analysis equilibrium price of €90
Page 159 and 160: cONclUSION The modelling analysi
Page 161 and 162: aNNex 7.1 Assumptions in the model
Page 163 and 164: annex fiGURE 19: lonG-tERM MaRGinal
Page 165 and 166: annex The Classic Carbon model is a
Page 167 and 168: annex marketpowermodelling Al
Page 169 and 170: eferences,glossaryandabbre
Page 171: eferences,glossaryandabbre
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