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dissertation in pdf-format - Aalto-yliopisto

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1 Introduction<br />

1.4 Key concepts and abbreviations used <strong>in</strong> the studies<br />

Key concepts and abbreviations used <strong>in</strong> the studies are shown <strong>in</strong> Table 1.<br />

More detailed def<strong>in</strong>itions of <strong>in</strong>novation, high growth, high success, small<br />

and medium sized enterprise (SME) and urban and rural areas are given <strong>in</strong><br />

Appendix 1. The content and construction of success is expla<strong>in</strong>ed <strong>in</strong><br />

Appendix 2, and a more detailed view of the context of the studies is<br />

presented <strong>in</strong> Appendix 3.<br />

Table 1: Key concepts and abbreviations used <strong>in</strong> the studies<br />

Concepts Def<strong>in</strong>itions<br />

Innovation In some analyses <strong>in</strong>tellectual property rights such<br />

as patents, utility models, registered designs and<br />

trademarks are used as proxies for <strong>in</strong>novation. In<br />

others, <strong>in</strong>novation is understood as the<br />

<strong>in</strong>tentional <strong>in</strong>troduction and application with<strong>in</strong> a<br />

role, group or organisation of ideas, processes,<br />

products or procedures, new to the relevant unit<br />

of adaption, designed to benefit the <strong>in</strong>dividual,<br />

group, organisation or wider society.<br />

Growth / High growth Sales turnover growth is used as the <strong>in</strong>dicator of<br />

firm-level growth. A firm is def<strong>in</strong>ed as show<strong>in</strong>g<br />

high growth if its turnover grows by at least 20%<br />

annually for at least three years.<br />

Success / High Success A f<strong>in</strong>ancial success <strong>in</strong>dex (SI), rang<strong>in</strong>g from 0-100<br />

po<strong>in</strong>ts, is used as a proxy for success of a firm. A<br />

firm is classified as highly successful if it scores at<br />

least 70 po<strong>in</strong>ts <strong>in</strong> each of at least three<br />

consecutive years.<br />

Performance Firms’ performance is related to <strong>in</strong>novation,<br />

growth and success either separately or <strong>in</strong><br />

comb<strong>in</strong>ation.<br />

Small and medium sized<br />

enterprise (SME)<br />

A firm is classified as an SME if its average<br />

workforce is < 250 persons, annual turnover 50<br />

Million euro, total balance sheet value 43<br />

Million euro, and capital ownership or vot<strong>in</strong>g<br />

rights held outside of the organisation 25%.<br />

Rural area / Urban area The def<strong>in</strong>itions of a rural or urban area follow the<br />

Eurostat NUTS criteria: areas with population<br />

densities less than, or at least, 150 <strong>in</strong>habitants per<br />

km², respectively.<br />

Abbreviations Mean<strong>in</strong>gs<br />

SME Small and medium sized enterprise<br />

HGS High growth and highly successful firm<br />

IHGS Innovative, high growth and highly successful<br />

firm<br />

KIBS / T-KIBS Knowledge <strong>in</strong>tensive bus<strong>in</strong>ess service firm /<br />

Technology knowledge <strong>in</strong>tensive bus<strong>in</strong>ess service<br />

firm<br />

RA Regression analysis<br />

LRA Logistic regression analysis<br />

DA Discrim<strong>in</strong>ant analysis<br />

14

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