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Appendixes Overview: Appendix 1: Key definitions used in the studies Appendix 2: Construction of the success index used in the studies (source: Balanced Consulting Ltd) Appendix 3: Firm population and workforce characteristics of Finland, Eastern Finland and the Helsinki Region during 2002-2005 Article I: Appendix 1: Corporate population characteristics of Finland, Eastern Finland and the Helsinki region in 2002-2005 Appendix 2: Scoring table of SI and Success Index Appendix 3: Distribution of personnel (%) by branch of industry in Eastern Finland and the Helsinki region during 2002-2005 Article II: Appendix 1: Characteristics of different methods Appendix 2: Success index Appendix 3: Variables used in regression equations Article III: Appendix 1: Characteristics of case firms Appendix 2: Scoring table of SI Appendix 3: Characteristics of variables of case firms Article IV: Appendix 1: Variables used in regression equations Appendix 2: Background information on the interviewees and the firms 74
Appendix 1 Key definitions used in the studies 75 Appendixes Key concepts in this dissertation are innovation, high growth, high success, SME and definitions of rural and urban areas. These key concepts, as used here, are defined as follows: Innovation Two contrasting definitions of innovations have been used. In Articles I and II the focus was on innovation inputs, hence intellectual property rights (IPRs), such as patents, utility models, registered designs and trademarks, were used as proxies for innovation and innovative activities of the studied firms. The IPRs were used as proxies because relevant data (broken down into very detailed technological sectors) are available for many countries. This information allows the most precise and reliable classification of innovation and R&D activities, commercial inputs and technological outputs in diverse branches of industry (Archibugi, 1988). Previous innovation investigations that have used IPRs have mainly used patents in focused branches of industries. In Articles I, II and IV broader definitions of IPRs have been applied and their inputs and outputs in all branches of industries have been explored. The possible problems associated with comparisons of innovation and R&D activities in different branches of industry have been decreased, as far as possible, by following recommendations in the OECD (2005) Oslo Manual and using broad definitions of IPRs. It should be emphasised that both the strength and weaknesses of this definition of innovation are based on its narrow and highly focused scope. The second definition of innovation follows West and Farr’s (1990) broad definition of the term innovation, which was applied in Article IV. According to this definition, innovation is understood as “the intentional introduction and application within a role, group or organisation of ideas, processes, products or procedures, new to the relevant unit of adoption, designed to significantly benefit the individual, the group, organisation or wider society”. West and Farr’s definition of innovation both widens the perspective and is in line with the OECD (2005) Oslo Manual definition of innovation, which emphasises the diversity of innovation, including product-, process-, organizational- and market-innovations and wider stakeholder influences of innovation. It should be noted that both the strength and problems of this definition of innovation are based on its broad and highly fragmented (subjective) view of innovation. In addition, in Article III entrepreneurs defined the concept of innovation and raised possible meanings of innovation in relation to their business development.
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Aalto University publication series
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Author Tomi Heimonen Name of the do
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Acknowledgements This dissertation
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CONTENTS PART 1: Overview of the di
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List of Articles This thesis is bas
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1 Introduction Some scholars claim
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1 Introduction In addition, the dur
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1 Introduction Figure 1: Framework
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1 Introduction factors that affect
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1 Introduction 1.4 Key concepts and
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2 Literature review and conceptual
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Page 34 and 35: 2 Literature review and conceptual
Page 46 and 47: 3 Research methodology Constructivi
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Page 58 and 59: 4 Results, evaluation of the studie
Page 70 and 71: References Abetti, P. A. (2001). Ac
Page 72 and 73: References Bhide, A. (2000). The or
Page 74 and 75: References Creswell, J. W. (2003).
Page 76 and 77: References Golafshani, N. (2003). U
Page 78 and 79: References Leitch, C., Hill, F., an
Page 80 and 81: References Pellikka, J. and Laurone
Page 82 and 83: References Storper, M. (1992). The
Page 86 and 87: Appendixes High growth When examini
Page 88 and 89: Appendixes profitability, liquidity
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Page 92 and 93: Appendixes Appendix 2 Construction
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Page 96 and 97: not increased compared to Eastern F
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Page 100 and 101: propensity for risk taking (Covin a
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Page 104 and 105: firm’s annual sales growth (Arund
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Page 110 and 111: and Rao, 2008). Because of the unev
Page 112 and 113: Table 1. Characteristics of the dat
Page 114 and 115: firms from other firms. The data in
Page 116 and 117: Table 2. Logistic Regression analys
Page 118 and 119: Public R&D funding was shown to inc
Page 120 and 121: References Achtenhagen, L., Naldi,
Page 122 and 123: Kanter, R. (1985), “Supporting in
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392 Int. J. Entrepreneurial Venturi
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398 J. Siikonen et al. determinants
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400 J. Siikonen et al. 3.1 National
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404 J. Siikonen et al. 4 Results 4.
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414 J. Siikonen et al. Delmar, F.,
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416 J. Siikonen et al. Oerlemans, L
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418 J. Siikonen et al. Appendix 1 V
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