PhD thesis - University of Hertfordshire Research Archive

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Appendix 3. An analytical review of published case-control studies of sporadic Campylobacter infection 159
Methods. The PubMed database (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi) was interrogated to identify citations which contained the Medical Subject Heading (MeSH) term “Campylobacter” or the text word “Campylobacter” and which also contained the MeSH term, MeSH subheading or text word "Epidemiology", but where no fields in the database contained “periodontal” or “pylori”. The latter statements were included to exclude manuscripts relating to campylobacters as a cause of periodontal disease (e.g. Campylobacter rectus) and articles relating to Helicobacter pylori, which was originally termed Campylobacter pylori. The search results were then limited to English language articles relating to human subjects. The titles and abstracts for the resulting citations were then scrutinized and potential case-control studies on sporadic human Campylobacter infection, undertaken in developed countries, were identified. Manuscripts were obtained, read, assessed and categorised. Reference lists were inspected in order to identify additional studies not found through the PubMed search. Salient epidemiological characteristics of the investigation and findings were stored in a bespoke Microsoft Access database. Simple statistical analyses of the resulting data were undertaken using Microsoft Excel. Frequencies, percentages and means were calculated where required. Stata version 10 (Stata Corporation, 1999) was used to assess factors affecting the number of reported risk factors for infection identified in case-control studies. Three categorical variables were created. One compared studies conducted in the eighties with those conducted in the nineties and those conducted from 2000. A second compared studies conducted in North America with those conducted in the United Kingdom, those conducted in the rest of Europe and those conducted in Australasia. The third compared studies of less than one year duration with those lasting 12 months and with those lasting longer than 12 months. Binary variables were created to compare those studies where multivariate techniques were applied with those where they were not and to compare those studies limited 160
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Population-Based Sentinel Surveilla
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The research carried out by the can
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Dedication. This thesis is dedicate
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7. Results (the published work). ..
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Statement identifying the degree fo
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Paper Reference Page 6 Gillespie IA
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Statement of the candidate’s cont
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Declaration form. I, Iain Andrew Gi
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2. History. In contrast to other co
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The application of veterinary techn
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The incidence of laboratory-confirm
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were elderly or had a pre-existing
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they would for other bacterial gast
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papers (Pearson et al., 1977; Bruce
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Studies were most frequently conduc
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The content of peer-reviewed public
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infection. An approximation of the
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hypotheses a „blank canvas‟ app
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6. Materials and methods. Regional
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presentation and severity, foreign
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together, etc). The results of the
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and improve response during the stu
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The published work. 7.1 Epidemiolog
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community illness was more common a
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north west England and in Yorkshire
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community was no different from oth
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provide useful insights into the ep
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Cases in case-control studies of la
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8. Discussion. The research carried
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The sentinel health authorities wer
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fundamentally flawed. Since the app
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control studies. The potential role
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Campylobacter spp. from cattle farm
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Cameron, S., Ried, K., Worsley, A.,
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Doyle, L. P. 1948, "The etiology of
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other industrialised countries," in
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Hanel, C. M. & Atanassova, V. 2007,
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Hudson, S. J., Lightfoot, N. F., Co
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Kessel, A. S., Gillespie, I., O'Bri
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costs-of-illness, Rijksinstituut vo
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Department of Health and Human Serv
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Potter, R. C., Kaneene, J. B., & Ha
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Siemer, B. L., Harrington, C. S., N
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Sopwith, W., Birtles, A., Matthews,
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Campylobacter infection: a general
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The published work 90
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