PhD thesis - University of Hertfordshire Research Archive

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Table A3.3 Selected reported risk factors in published case-control studies <strong>of</strong> sporadic Campylobacter infection. Parameter Kist 1982 Severin 1982 Taylor et al. 1983 Hopkins & Scott 1983 Hopkins, Olmsted, & Istre 1984 Oosterom et al. 1984 Engleberg et al. 1984 Kist & Rossner 1985b Harris, Weiss, & Nolan 1986; Harris et al. 1986; Saeed el al. 1993 Salfield & Pugh 1987 Schmid et al. 1987 Deming et al. 1987 Southern, Smith, & Palmer 1990 Lighton, Kaczmarski, & Jones 1991 Hudson et al. 1991 169 Kapperud et al. 1992 Foreign travel 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Restaurants 1 Poultry - all 1 1 1 1 1 1 6 2 1 1 1 6 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 1 1 Poultry - chicken 1 1 1 1 5 2 2 6 1 1 1 1 2 1 Beef Pork 1 2 1 Lamb Other meat 1 1 1 1 Barbecued food 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 Fish and shellfish 2 1 Salad, vegetables and fruit Food hygiene practices Elroy & Smyth 1993 Ikram, et al. 1994 Schorr et al. 1994 Adak et al. 1995 Eberhart-Phillips et al. 1997 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Pasteurised milk 6 1 2 1 Unpasteurised milk Other dairy 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Raw water 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Municipal water 1 1 Private water 1 1 Contact with dogs 3 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Contact with other animals Environmental exposure Contact with other ill people 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 Neal & Slack 1997 Studahl & Andersson 2000 Effler et al 2001 Rodrigues et al. 2001 Tenkate & Stafford 2001 Neimann et al. 2003 Kapperud et al. 2003 2 2 1 1 Potter et al. 2003 Friedman et al. 2004 Schonberg-Norio et al. 2004 Michaud, Menard, & Arbeit 2004 Carrique-Mas et al. 2005 Wingstrand et al. 2006 Fullerton et al, 2007
Table A3.4. Population Attributable Fractions for all risk factors and for chicken risk factors in published case-control studies <strong>of</strong> sporadic Campylobacter infection. Year All risk factors Chicken risk factors Reference 1997 75 11 Eberhart-Phillips et al., 1997 2001 20 11 Rodrigues et al., 2001 2003 74 0 Neimann et al., 2003 2004 77 24 Friedman et al., 2004 2005 102 0 Carrique-Mas et al., 2005 2006 -* 24 Wingstrand et al., 2006 2007 114 12 Fullerton et al., 2007 *, Not reported
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Population-Based Sentinel Surveilla
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The research carried out by the can
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Dedication. This thesis is dedicate
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7. Results (the published work). ..
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Statement identifying the degree fo
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Paper Reference Page 6 Gillespie IA
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Statement of the candidate’s cont
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Declaration form. I, Iain Andrew Gi
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2. History. In contrast to other co
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The application of veterinary techn
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The incidence of laboratory-confirm
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were elderly or had a pre-existing
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they would for other bacterial gast
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papers (Pearson et al., 1977; Bruce
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Studies were most frequently conduc
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The content of peer-reviewed public
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infection. An approximation of the
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hypotheses a „blank canvas‟ app
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6. Materials and methods. Regional
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presentation and severity, foreign
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together, etc). The results of the
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and improve response during the stu
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The published work. 7.1 Epidemiolog
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community illness was more common a
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north west England and in Yorkshire
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community was no different from oth
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provide useful insights into the ep
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Cases in case-control studies of la
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8. Discussion. The research carried
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The sentinel health authorities wer
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fundamentally flawed. Since the app
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control studies. The potential role
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Campylobacter spp. from cattle farm
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Cameron, S., Ried, K., Worsley, A.,
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Doyle, L. P. 1948, "The etiology of
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other industrialised countries," in
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Hanel, C. M. & Atanassova, V. 2007,
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Hudson, S. J., Lightfoot, N. F., Co
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Kessel, A. S., Gillespie, I., O'Bri
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costs-of-illness, Rijksinstituut vo
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Department of Health and Human Serv
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Potter, R. C., Kaneene, J. B., & Ha
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Siemer, B. L., Harrington, C. S., N
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Sopwith, W., Birtles, A., Matthews,
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Campylobacter infection: a general
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The published work 90
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