PhD thesis - University of Hertfordshire Research Archive

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Table A3.5. The effect of various reported study features on the log- transformed number of reported risk factors identified in published case- control studies of sporadic Campylobacter infection. Single variable Poisson regression analysis. Parameter Relative risk 171 95% CI † Lower Upper P value Study decade: - 80s 1 - - - - 90s 1.33 0.57 3.12 0.51 - 00s 1.50 0.68 3.28 0.32 Area: - North America 1 - - - - Rest of Europe 1.15 0.53 2.49 0.73 - United Kingdom 0.75 0.28 2.00 0.57 - Australasia 1.81 0.66 4.97 0.25 Study period: - 1-11 months 1 - - - - 12 months 1.49 0.68 3.27 0.33 - >12 months 1.47 0.68 3.16 0.33 Indigenous cases vs. all cases 0.91 0.47 1.76 0.78 Exposure period (days)* 0.68 0.00 195.02 0.89 Multivariate vs. univariate analysis 1.32 0.68 2.54 0.41 Cases ‡ 1.40 1.04 1.88 0.03 Controls ‡ 1.47 1.10 1.96 0.01 Cases : controls* 0.25 0.04 1.60 0.14 Sample size ‡ 3.25 2.60 4.07 0.00 Variables ‡ 1.37 1.07 1.76 0.01 † , Confidence Interval;*, reciprocal root transformed; ‡ , log transformed
References. Adak, G. K., Cowden, J. M., Nicholas, S., & Evans, H. S. 1995, "The Public Health Laboratory Service national case-control study of primary indigenous sporadic cases of Campylobacter infection", Epidemiol.Infect., vol. 115, no. 1, pp. 15-22. Baker, M., Wilson, N., McIntyre, M., & McLean, M. 2005, "Findings and methodological lessons from a small case-control study into campylobacteriosis in Wellington", N.Z.Med.J., vol. 118, no. 1220, p. U1622. Blaser, M. J. & Reller, L. B. 1981, "Campylobacter enteritis", N.Engl.J.Med, vol. 305, no. 24, pp. 1444-1452. Blaser, M. J., Taylor, D. N., & Feldman, R. A. 1983, "Epidemiology of Campylobacter jejuni infections", Epidemiol.Rev., vol. 5, pp. 157-176. Bruce, D., Zochowski, W., & Ferguson, I. R. 1977, "Campylobacter enteritis", BMJ, vol. 6093, p. 1219. Cameron, S., Ried, K., Worsley, A., & Topping, D. 2004, "Consumption of foods by young children with diagnosed Campylobacter infection - a pilot case-control study", Public Health Nutr., vol. 7, no. 1, pp. 85-89. Carrique-Mas, J., Andersson, Y., Hjertqvist, M., Svensson, A., Torner, A., & Giesecke, J. 2005, "Risk factors for domestic sporadic campylobacteriosis among young children in Sweden", Scand.J.Infect.Dis., vol. 37, no. 2, pp. 101-110. 172
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Population-Based Sentinel Surveilla
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The research carried out by the can
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Dedication. This thesis is dedicate
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7. Results (the published work). ..
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Statement identifying the degree fo
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Paper Reference Page 6 Gillespie IA
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Statement of the candidate’s cont
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Declaration form. I, Iain Andrew Gi
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2. History. In contrast to other co
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The application of veterinary techn
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The incidence of laboratory-confirm
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were elderly or had a pre-existing
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they would for other bacterial gast
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papers (Pearson et al., 1977; Bruce
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Studies were most frequently conduc
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The content of peer-reviewed public
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infection. An approximation of the
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hypotheses a „blank canvas‟ app
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6. Materials and methods. Regional
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presentation and severity, foreign
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together, etc). The results of the
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and improve response during the stu
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The published work. 7.1 Epidemiolog
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community illness was more common a
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north west England and in Yorkshire
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community was no different from oth
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provide useful insights into the ep
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Cases in case-control studies of la
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8. Discussion. The research carried
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The sentinel health authorities wer
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fundamentally flawed. Since the app
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control studies. The potential role
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Campylobacter spp. from cattle farm
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Cameron, S., Ried, K., Worsley, A.,
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Doyle, L. P. 1948, "The etiology of
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other industrialised countries," in
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Hanel, C. M. & Atanassova, V. 2007,
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Hudson, S. J., Lightfoot, N. F., Co
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Kessel, A. S., Gillespie, I., O'Bri
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costs-of-illness, Rijksinstituut vo
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Department of Health and Human Serv
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Potter, R. C., Kaneene, J. B., & Ha
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Siemer, B. L., Harrington, C. S., N
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Sopwith, W., Birtles, A., Matthews,
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Campylobacter infection: a general
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