PhD thesis - University of Hertfordshire Research Archive

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Contents. Abstract ............................................................................................................ i Acknowledgements. ....................................................................................... iii Dedication. ..................................................................................................... iv Statement identifying the degree for which approval for a final submission is sought. ..................................................................................................... viii Index of cited publications. ............................................................................. ix Statement on the use of citations published under group authorship. ............ xi Statement of the candidate‟s contribution to the cited publications. .............. xii Statement of ethical considerations. ............................................................ xiii Declaration form.. ......................................................................................... xiv 1. Introduction. .......................................................................................... 15 2. History…… ............................................................................................ 16 3. The disease, its incidence and impact. ................................................. 19 4. Campylobacter epidemiology: theory and practice. .............................. 23 4.1 Outbreaks ......................................................................................... 23 4.2 Case-control studies ......................................................................... 24 4.3 Case-case comparisons ................................................................... 30 4.4 Disease determinant analysis. .......................................................... 31 5. Study aims and objectives. ................................................................... 33 6. Materials and methods. ......................................................................... 36 v
7. Results (the published work). ................................................................ 41 7.1 Epidemiological distinctions between cases of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli infection. ............................................ 44 7.2 Outbreak underascertainment in Campylobacter jejuni infection and hypotheses for their cause. ........................................................ 45 7.3 Destination-specific risk in travel-associated Campylobacter infection. ............................................................................................ 46 7.4 Factors associated with the acquisition of ciprofloxacin- resistance Campylobacter jejuni infection at home and abroad. ....... 48 7.5 The role of ethnicity in Campylobacter infection. .............................. 49 7.6 Patient exposure history in relation to the weekly periodicity of Campylobacter jejuni infection. ......................................................... 51 7.7 Host susceptibility and exposure history in relation to clinical presentation for indigenously-acquired Campylobacter jejuni infection. ............................................................................................ 52 7.8 Demographic determinants for Campylobacter infection in England & Wales. .............................................................................. 54 8. Discussion. ............................................................................................ 56 9. References ............................................................................................ 63 The published work ................................................................................... 90 vi
Page 1 and 2: Population-Based Sentinel Surveilla
Page 3 and 4: The research carried out by the can
Page 5: Dedication. This thesis is dedicate
Page 9 and 10: Statement identifying the degree fo
Page 11 and 12: Paper Reference Page 6 Gillespie IA
Page 13 and 14: Statement of the candidate’s cont
Page 15 and 16: Declaration form. I, Iain Andrew Gi
Page 17 and 18: 2. History. In contrast to other co
Page 19 and 20: The application of veterinary techn
Page 21 and 22: The incidence of laboratory-confirm
Page 23 and 24: were elderly or had a pre-existing
Page 25 and 26: they would for other bacterial gast
Page 27 and 28: papers (Pearson et al., 1977; Bruce
Page 29 and 30: Studies were most frequently conduc
Page 31 and 32: The content of peer-reviewed public
Page 33 and 34: infection. An approximation of the
Page 35 and 36: hypotheses a „blank canvas‟ app
Page 37 and 38: 6. Materials and methods. Regional
Page 39 and 40: presentation and severity, foreign
Page 41 and 42: together, etc). The results of the
Page 43 and 44: and improve response during the stu
Page 45 and 46: The published work. 7.1 Epidemiolog
Page 47 and 48: community illness was more common a
Page 49 and 50: north west England and in Yorkshire
Page 51 and 52: community was no different from oth
Page 53 and 54: provide useful insights into the ep
Page 55 and 56: Cases in case-control studies of la
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8. Discussion. The research carried
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The sentinel health authorities wer
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fundamentally flawed. Since the app
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control studies. The potential role
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Campylobacter spp. from cattle farm
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Cameron, S., Ried, K., Worsley, A.,
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Doyle, L. P. 1948, "The etiology of
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other industrialised countries," in
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Hanel, C. M. & Atanassova, V. 2007,
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Hudson, S. J., Lightfoot, N. F., Co
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Kessel, A. S., Gillespie, I., O'Bri
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costs-of-illness, Rijksinstituut vo
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Department of Health and Human Serv
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Potter, R. C., Kaneene, J. B., & Ha
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Siemer, B. L., Harrington, C. S., N
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Sopwith, W., Birtles, A., Matthews,
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Campylobacter infection: a general
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The published work 90
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Table A1.1: Notable events in the h
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Year Human medicine Veterinary medi
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Levy, A. J. 1928, "A gastro-enterit
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Appendix 2. An assessment of the ro
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compare the period after 2000 with
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condition was significantly associa
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Deaths/100,000 cases 600 500 400 30
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Table A2.1: Factors affecting the u
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Appendix 3. An analytical review of
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to indigenously acquired infection
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susceptibility to Campylobacter inf
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year demonstrated that only the num
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Table A3.1 Reported epidemiological
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Table A3.3 Selected reported risk f
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Table A3.5. The effect of various r
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Deming, M. S., Tauxe, R. V., Blake,
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Harris, N. V., Weiss, N. S., & Nola
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Kist, M. & Rossner, R. 1985a, in Ca
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Oosterom, J., den Uyl, C. H., Banff
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Severin, W. P. J. 1982, "Epidemiolo
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Appendix 4. The Campylobacter Senti
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