Protocols for Secure Communication in Wireless Sensor Networks

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64 Chapter 2. Wireless Sensor Networks and Their Security 2.10 Summary This chapter highlighted several aspects of wireless sensor networks, thus establishing the technical context of this work. By considering the capabilities and limitations of WSNs, we are able to formulate high-level security requirements. The cryptographic foundations for meeting these requirements have been laid out. We have also reviewed the existing relevant approaches to WSN security. Building on this knowledge, we proceed to describe a security model for WSNs, which will be the basis for the following security protocols we propose.
Chapter 3 A Security Model for Wireless Sensor Networks Wireless sensor networks inherit security vulnerabilities from three classes of computer systems: (1) As classical computers, they are vulnerable to malicious code such as viruses. (2) Since they use wireless communications, their communication links are susceptible to eavesdropping, jamming, or message injection attacks; they share this characteristic with mobile computers. (3) Sensor networks often operate in unsupervised, open environments, where they can be physically accessed by potential adversaries; in this regard, they resemble embedded systems. In order to counter the threats stemming from these vulnerabilities, wellknown mechanisms can be employed, including code authentication, message encryption and authentication, and tamper proofing (cf. [3]). However, the specific constraints of sensor networks may be prohibitive to lifting them to a security level as high as traditional computer systems. Instead, we must explore solutions that exploit inherent characteristics of sensor networks, such as the large number of nodes, redundant deployment, and sensoric input, to provide adequate security guarantees. In this chapter, we lay the foundations for such approaches by analyzing the vulnerabilities of WSNs. We concentrate on a type of attack on wireless sensor networks, which is both specific to and relevant in this domain. The security mechanisms presented in following chapters will be especially effective with regard to this threat model. This model assumes an adversary who is able, at a certain cost, to capture and take control of individual sensor nodes. This enables the adversary to exploit the capabilities of the captured nodes and participate in the operation of the sensor network. Depending on the objectives of the adversary, this may lead to data corruption, denial of service, or data disclosure, if no countermeasures are utilized. The strength of an attack is not only determined by the number of cap-
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Diss. ETH Nr. 18174 Protocols for S
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ii often ad hoc and transient natur
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iv Dieses Ziel kann durch kryptogra
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Contents 1 Introduction 1 1.1 Backg
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Contents ix 3.3.1 Basic Assumptions
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Contents xi 6.3 Performance Evaluat
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Chapter 1 Introduction 1.1 Backgrou
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1.3. Contributions 3 on the other h
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1.4. Thesis Outline 5 • Mario Str
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Chapter 2 Wireless Sensor Networks
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2.1. Applications of Wireless Senso
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2.1. Applications of Wireless Senso
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Page 41 and 42: 2.4. Related Device Types 27 in con
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Page 45 and 46: 2.5. Sensor Network Models 31 both
Page 47 and 48: 2.5. Sensor Network Models 33 are a
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Page 55 and 56: 2.7. Security Requirements 41 terac
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Page 63 and 64: 2.7. Security Requirements 49 of te
Page 65 and 66: 2.8. Cryptography for Sensor Networ
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Page 81 and 82: 3.1. Attack Paths 67 field (cf. [17
Page 83 and 84: 3.1. Attack Paths 69 modules [63].
Page 85 and 86: 3.1. Attack Paths 71 closed environ
Page 87 and 88: 3.2. Attack Objectives 73 • Timel
Page 89 and 90: 3.2. Attack Objectives 75 Critical
Page 91 and 92: 3.2. Attack Objectives 77 Actors A
Page 93 and 94: 3.3. Adversary Characteristics 79 a
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Page 97 and 98: 3.3. Adversary Characteristics 83 p
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Page 103 and 104: 3.5. Approximating End-to-End Secur
Page 109 and 110: 3.7. Summary 95 Location-constraine
Page 111 and 112: Chapter 4 Key Establishment Shared
Page 113 and 114: 4.2. Random Key Pre-Distribution 99
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4.3. Key Agreement Based on Hash Ch
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4.4. Multiple Hash Chains for Key A
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4.4. Multiple Hash Chains for Key A
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4.5. Strengthening Random Key Pre-D
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4.6. Related Work 123 pc = 0.33 Du-
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4.6. Related Work 125 Probability o
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4.7. Summary 127 The security of th
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Chapter 5 Multipath Communication T
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5.1. Principles of Multipath Commun
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5.2. Routing on Spanning Trees 133
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5.3. Properties of Tree Paths 141 b
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5.3. Properties of Tree Paths 143 a
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5.3. Properties of Tree Paths 145 n
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5.3. Properties of Tree Paths 147 F
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5.3. Properties of Tree Paths 149 D
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5.4. Security Evaluation 151 compro
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5.5. Related Work 153 width usage a
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5.5. Related Work 155 separation. F
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Chapter 6 Integrity-Preserving Comm
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6.1. Authentication and Integrity P
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6.2. Basic Interleaved Authenticati
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6.3. Performance Evaluation 175 A B
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6.3. Performance Evaluation 177 We
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6.4. Security Evaluation 179 Bandwi
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6.4. Security Evaluation 181 a sens
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6.4. Security Evaluation 183 Number
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6.4. Security Evaluation 185 We ass
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6.4. Security Evaluation 187 Paths
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6.4. Security Evaluation 189 ity of
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6.4. Security Evaluation 191 of the
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6.4. Security Evaluation 193 The se
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6.5. Extended Interleaved Authentic
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6.6. Comparing Interleaved and Mult
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6.7. Applications 209 Psi 1 0.8 0.6
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6.7. Applications 211 codes are att
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6.7. Applications 213 domain. The r
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6.9. Summary 215 simulations and by
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Chapter 7 Conclusion This work prop
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7.1. Secure Communication in Wirele
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7.2. Future Work 221 7.1.4 Shortcut
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Bibliography [1] Specification of t
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Bibliography 225 1st European Works
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Bibliography 227 [41] Rohan Chitrad
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Bibliography 229 [64] L. Eschenauer
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Bibliography 231 [85] Yahoo! Inc. D
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Bibliography 233 [105] Kristof Van
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Bibliography 235 [126] Anne Marie M
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Bibliography 237 [150] Sylvia Ratna
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Bibliography 239 [172] Thanos Stath
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Bibliography 241 [192] Eric W. Weis
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Curriculum Vitae Harald Vogt Person
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