Access to Energy for the Base of the - Ashoka

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14 At the same time, the access to energy market is large, and represents diverse needs. Around the world, the 4b people who form the "Base of the Pyramid", living on a few dollars a day, spend over $500b on energy �Pop.: 2.7 billion �%BOP2000+: 14% �%BOP1500-: 86% �Mtk. size (PPP $ b): >290 �Grid connected: 51% Source: Hystra analysis; The Next 4 Billion every year. In some countries poor customers form the vast majority of the energy market. For their money, they receive energy that is unreliable, expensive, hard to access, and unsafe. Energy for the BOP is a >$500b market, with diverse business opportunities BOP energy needs Urban �Pop.: 1.4 billion �%BOP2000+: 56% �%BOP1500-: 44% �Mtk. size (PPP $ b): >220 �Grid connected: 79% Rural Cooking Mtk size (PPP $ b): >250 Serving low-income customers is challenging, as the market is fragmented and immature. Energy is needed for lighting, cooking, and income generation. Within these categories, solutions differ based on whether customers are rural or urban, working at home during the day, mobile during the year, and a number of other factors. There are high costs for first entrants as they overcome the false promise of free government help, and work to construct multiple stages of a value chain-training staff, educating Market size, proportionate (PPP $ b) Lighting + communications Mtk size (PPP $ b): >160 Income generation and collectivities Mtk size (PPP $ b): >100 92 88 45 164 75 60 Figure 3 Energy market for BOP customers investors, promoting the new solution through social marketing, schemes. and setting up consumer finance Although the need is great, public investment programs have been mostly unsuccessful to date. There are notable exceptions: South Africa almost doubled electricity access in less than 10 years. However, most developing countries are more similar to the case of India, which has met only ~50% of its
electricity generating targets over the last decades due to bureaucracy, inefficiency, and low investment. As half a million people migrate to cities each week, 1b people live in slums, and rural areas remain in the dark after sundown, it becomes increasingly untenable to count on ways that have not worked. Even World Bank is able to spend limited amounts compared to the investments required World Bank Group lending on energy infrastructures and impact on energy access USD ( b) 8 6 4 2 WBG Energy USD Lending Un-powered population 2000 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 Population ( b) 3 Figure 4 World Bank Group lending compared to number of people without electricity 2.5 2 1.5 1 0.5 Despite $23b World Bank ending over 6 years, only 100m fewer people lack electricity 15
Page 1: Access to Energy for the Base of th
Page 6 and 7: FOREWORD 1.6 billion people do not
Page 8: INTRODUCTION The opportunity to wri
Page 11 and 12: The projects discussed reflect mark
Page 13 and 14: Despite its size, the BOP energy ma
Page 15: 3. STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM Energy
Page 19 and 20: 4.1 GRID CONNECTIONS Transforming s
Page 21 and 22: connections will provide safe, reli
Page 23 and 24: Before 1999, LYDEC experienced a lo
Page 25 and 26: LYDEC Legal slum grid connection in
Page 27 and 28: FUNDACION PRO VIVIENDA SOCIAL Natur
Page 29 and 30: SLUM ELECTRICITY COOPERATIVE Slums
Page 31 and 32: CONLOG Grid electricity with pre-pa
Page 33 and 34: CODENSA Slum Electricity grid conne
Page 35 and 36: 4.2 DEVICES Providing mass-market d
Page 37 and 38: A Mightylight, Cosmos pioneering so
Page 39 and 40: Enterprises on the way to being pro
Page 41 and 42: BSH PROTOS Plant Oil Stove Indonesi
Page 43 and 44: BP INDIA Mass-market bio-fuel pelle
Page 45 and 46: ENVIROFIT INTERNATIONAL Mass-market
Page 47 and 48: COSMOS IGNITE INNOVATIONS Solar LED
Page 49 and 50: D.LIGHT DESIGN LED-solar devices In
Page 51 and 52: TOTAL LPG Mobile Retail Dealers Ban
Page 53 and 54: VIDAGAS LGP for vaccines cold-chain
Page 55 and 56: 4.3 SOLAR HOME SYSTEMS Lighting, co
Page 57 and 58: Interview Solar Home Systems basic
Page 59 and 60: Finally, SHS have traditionally bee
Page 61 and 62: expects that the growing force of t
Page 63 and 64: Grameen Shakti has already built up
Page 65 and 66: Ability to solve the problem Econom
Page 67 and 68:
� Financials: Solar technicians i
Page 69:
"At the beginning, I was skeptical.
Page 72 and 73:
70 A rural cooperative is an enterp
Page 74 and 75:
72 Additional investment is often r
Page 76 and 77:
74 � Financials: Hari Sharan, Fou
Page 78 and 79:
76 � Financials: Tri Mumpuni, Fou
Page 80 and 81:
78 The four groups of business mode
Page 82 and 83:
80 Carbon credits is a challenging
Page 84 and 85:
82 AFRICAN RURAL ENERGY ENTERPRISE
Page 86 and 87:
84 E+CO Clean Energy Finance Global
Page 89 and 90:
5 Recommendations
Page 91 and 92:
5. Support favourable energy regula
Page 93 and 94:
such as charging mobiles for a smal
Page 95 and 96:
6 Appendix
Page 97:
which corresponds to a daily income
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