Disputation Mikhail Fominykh - Department of Computer and ...

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Collaborative Work on 3D Educational Content • Virtual Campus of NTNU in Second Life Virtual Campus of NTNU in Second Life is a project led by the Program for Learning with ICT. Virtual Campus of NTNU is a region in Second Life. It was developed as a place for educational and social activities, a source of information about the university (http://maps.secondlife.com/secondlife/NTNU/). This PhD work includes three exploratory case studies that were conducted in the virtual campus. The virtual campus environment was enriched by the Virtual Science Fair – a prototype developed based on the Virtual Research Arena framework. It served as a virtual representation of the Norwegian Science Fair in the city of Trondheim – an annual festival for presenting science projects to the general public. • Transformative, Adaptive, Responsive and enGaging EnvironmenT (TARGET) TARGET is a collaborative project funded by the European Community under the Seventh Framework Programme. The main aim of the project is to develop a new genre of technology-enhanced learning environment that supports rapid competence development, and the domains of innovation and project management have been selected as pilot areas (http://www.reachyourtarget.org/). This PhD work contributes to two TARGET International Summer Schools on Technology Enhanced Learning, Serious Games and Collaborative Technologies that were conducted in the Virtual Campus of NTNU in Second Life in 2010 and 2011. • Enabling Creative Collaboration through Supportive Technologies (CoCreat) CoCreat is a project, supported by the European Commission under the Life Long Learning programme. The aim of this project is to find out how to enhance creative collaboration by applying the theory of collaborative learning. The outcome of the project will be increased competence in acting and learning in complex and dynamic environments where collaboration and creative solutions for problems are required (http://www.cocreat.eu/). This PhD work includes a CoCreat prestudy conducted in the Virtual Campus of NTNU. 3.2 Research topics The challenges presented in section 2.5 appeared in the research work at different points of time. Some of them have been separated or merged over time. They have also been analysed considering what was possible to address in the given time and the context of R&D projects presented in section 3.1. Finally, the challenges were divided into three topics, and the research questions were re-structured in accordance with them: 22
Research Context and Design Topic 1: Collaborative work on 3D educational content Topic 2: Design of tools and environments within 3D CVEs Topic 3: Support for learning communities in 3D CVEs In the following, the topics are presented in more detail, including connection to the challenges and elaboration on the related research questions. 3.2.1 Collaborative work on 3D content The challenge that fits this topic was formulated as follows: There is a need for learning approaches and methods that exploit advantages of 3D CVEs and overcome limitations. Several studies report that despite the popularity and discovered potential of 3D CVEs for learning, little is known about suitable methods and approaches (Jarmon, et al., 2009; Twining, 2009). Collaborative work on 3D content is only a part of activities that are possible to conduct with 3D CVEs. However, this activity exploits the majority of the technology advantages. 3D content can be uploaded or created inside a 3D CVE; it can be shared, stored, and collaboratively explored and modified. Topic 1 of this thesis is focused on exploring the educational potential of collaborative work on 3D content. It was explored in three empirical studies conducted within the Cooperation Technology course at NTNU, in which the students were working on educational visualizations. In order to distinguish between the terms “Collaborative work on 3D content” and “Educational visualization in 3D CVEs”, the following rationale is applied. Collaborative work on 3D content is seen as an affordance of the 3D CVE technology or a series of any collaborative actions performed with 3D content. Educational visualization in 3D CVEs is understood as an educational activity that uses the mentioned affordance of the 3D CVE technology or the resultant 3D construction. The research question related to Topic 1 is: RQ1: How can collaborative work on 3D content benefit educational activities? This particular question was chosen for the following reasons, which are based on the observation in Section 2. The research community is interested in exploring new technologies for learning and 3D CVEs in particular. This interest is supported by many reports on the potential of 3D CVEs in this area. Further, the gap between theoretical discussions and experimental practical studies was identified as especially noteworthy. Answering the question could contribute to the development of practical guidelines on the use of 3D CVEs in education. In addition, the curriculum of the Cooperation Technology course at NTNU, students from which acted as a target group for the studies, has influenced the choice of the research question. The corresponding theoretical proposition was formulated as follows: 23
Page 1 and 2: Mikhail Fominykh Collaborative Work
Page 3 and 4: Abstract The use of three-dimension
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Collaborative Work on 3D Educationa
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Part II Papers
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Paper 1 Authors: Title: Published i
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VIRTUAL CITY AS A PLACE FOR EDUCATI
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Journal of Interactive Learning Res
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Virtual Campus in the Context of an
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Paper 3 Authors: Ekaterina Prasolov
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projects (Hawkey, 2004). As emphasi
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Group 2 developed a presentation of
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almost equally supported. Realistic
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prospective students and so on. In
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Proceedings of the 13 th IASTED Int
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space. Furthermore, constructing in
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3.1 Visual Shells By visual shell i
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Available resources for user traini
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The virtual world Second Life is on
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exploring a number of projects (Fig
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Figure 4. BP Solar Energy project:
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• Provide tutorials introducing t
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Fominykh, M., Prasolova-Førland, E
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This is a preprint of the paper pub
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2.2 Settings of the case studies an
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For us, the other projects on NTNU
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Aesthetics of a shell plays an impo
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Park, S., Hwang, H. S. and Choi, M.
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CSCL at Work Collaborative Virtual
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CSCL at Work Threshold concepts The
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CSCL at Work where new or less expe
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CSCL at Work A central part of Summ
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CSCL at Work as a virtual workplace
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CSCL at Work connections across com
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CSCL at Work Also, communities cann
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CSCL at Work Karlsen, J. T. (2011).
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Constructing a 3D Collaborative Vir
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of the individual knowledge systems
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Pedagogical model “Designing e-le
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Design In this sub-section, we pres
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spring 2012. The result of these st
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