Groundwater in the Great Lakes Basin

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Agency for Toxic Substances & Disease Registry (ATSDR). (2007, February). ToxFAQs for Trichloroethylene (TCE). Retrieved May 23, 2007, from http://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/tfacts19.html. Agency for Toxic Substances & Disease Registry (ATSDR). (1997, September). ToxFAQs for 1,2-Dichloroethene. Retrieved May 23, 2007, from http://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/tfacts87.html. Agency for Toxic Substances & Disease Registry (ATSDR). (1995, September). ToxFAQs for 1,2-Dibromoethane. Retrieved May 23, 2007, from http://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/tfacts37.html. Alsip, R. (1993). Leaking Tanks, Leaking Profits. Canadian Banker, 100, 46-48. Arokor Holdings Inc. (2000). Tert-Amyl methyl ether. Retrieved May 21, 2007 from http://chemicalland21.com/. Bauman, B. (2003, October). American Petroleum Institute. In L.U.S.T. Line. Gasoline oxygenates, petroleum distribution networks, and detections in groundwater at LUST sites. Bulletin 45. Braves, C. (2003). Well oiled. Canadian Homes and Cottages, 5. Brazell, R. (2006, June). Groundwater Policies – The State of Groundwater in the Great Lakes Basin. Syracuse, New York. Burgess, C. (2005). Underground storage tanks, cleanup trust funds, private insurance and leaky plumbing. WRRI News. Retrieved July 11, 2008 from http://www.ncsu.edu/wrri/news/ WRRINews_353.pdf. Canada Gazette. (2007, April). Part I – Storage Tank Systems for Petroleum Products and Allied Petroleum Products Regulations, 829-865. Canada Safety Council. (2005). Methanol. Retrieved May 23, 2007 from http://www.safety-council.org/info/OSH/methanol.htm. Canadian Institute for Environmental Law and Policy (CIELAP). (1995). Toxic Time Bombs: the Regulation of Canada’s Underground Storage Tanks. Emond Montgomery Publications, Toronto. Carter, T.S. (2006, February). Deadline for removal or upgrade of Ontario’s fuel oil storage tanks fast approaching. Charity Law Bulletin No. 88. Retrieved May 25, 2007 from http://www.carters. ca/pub/bulletin/charity/2006/chylb88.htm. The Clean Fuels Development Coalition. (n.d.). Clean Fuels – Paving the Way for America’s Future. Retrieved May 15, 2007 from http://www.ethanol-gec.org/clean/cf00.htm. Clean up leaky tanks. (2007). The Grand Rapids Press. Commissioner of the Environment and Sustainable Development (CESD). (2002). 2002 October Report of the Commissioner of the Environment and Sustainable Development. Retrieved August 19, 2008 from http://www.oag-bvg.gc.ca/internet/English/att_ c20021002se02_e_12326.html. Ellis, P. (2001, March). A circle vicious – What do we know about the other oxygenates? L.U.S.T. Line Bulletin, 37. Lowell, Massachusetts, New England Interstate Water Pollution Control Commission, 17-21. English II, E.W. (2006, May). So what about those E10 and E85 fuels? – A discussion on materials compatibility. L.U.S.T. Line Bulletin, 52. Lowell, Massachusetts, New England Interstate Water Pollution Control Commission, 1-6. Environment Canada. (2008). Storage Tank System for Petroleum and Allied Petroleum Products. Retrieved July 14, 2008 from http:// www.ec.gc.ca/st-rs/default.asp?lang=En&n=06EF27CF-1. Environment Canada. (1999). Groundwater – Nature’s Hidden Treasure. Retrieved May 24, 2007 from http://www.ec.gc.ca/ water/en/info/pubs/FS/e_FSA5.htm. Environmental Data Resources Inc. (2008). Home Buyers and Sellers. Retrieved August 13, 2008 from http://www.edrnet.com/ index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=59&Itemid=276. Environmental Working Group. (2005, April). As Congress Considers Legal Immunity for Oil Companies More Communities Go To Court Over MTBE Pollution. Retrieved August 19, 2008 from http:// www.ewg.org/reports/oilandwater. Ethanol A Clean Cocktail for Your Car? (2006, October). CBC News. Retrieved May 25, 2007 from http://www.cbc.ca/news/ background/energy/ethanol.html. Falta, R.W., Bulsara, N., Henderson, J.K., and Mayer, R.A. (2005, September). Leaded-gasoline additives still contaminate groundwater. 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80 Indiana Government. (2007, February). Underground Storage Tank Systems and Ethanol Compatibility. Retrieved May 15, 2007 from http://www.in.gov/idem/catalog/guidance/la-072-gg.pdf. Indiana Water Resources Association. (1993, June 2-4). Northwest Indiana Water Quality Opportunities and Concerns. 14 th Annual Meeting. International Joint Commission. (1999). Protection of the waters of the Great Lakes, Interim Report to the Governments of Canada and the United States. International Joint Commission. (1993). 1993 Report on Groundwater Contamination in the Great Lakes Basin. Windsor, Ontario. International Program on Chemical Safety. (2004). Diisopropyl Ether. Retrieved May 15, 2007 from http://www.inchem.org/ documents/icsc/icsc/eics0906.htm. Lalonde, R.R. (1995). 1995 Report of the Auditor General of Canada – Environment Canada: Managing the Legacy of Hazardous Wastes. Lam, T. (2007, June 1). State fines BP $869,150 over underground tanks. Detroit Free Press. Larini, R. (2008). Water utilities to split $67M pollution settlement. The Star-Ledger. Retrieved July 9, 2008 from http://www.nj.com/news/ledger/jersey/index.ssf?/base/news- 10/121454133352510.xml&coll=1. Leising, M. (2007, January). Exxon Mobil’s biggest oil spill is in Brooklyn, not Alaska. International Herald Tribune – Bloomberg News. France. Retrieved May 23, 2007 from http://www.iht.com/articles/2007/01/03/bloomberg/bxexxon.php. L.U.S.T. Line. A Report On Federal & State Programs To Control Leaking Underground Storage Tanks. New England interstate Water Pollution Control Commission. Lowell, Massachusetts. Retrieved May 23, 2007 from www.neiwpcc.org/lustline.htm. MacRitchie, S.M., Pupp, C., Grove, G., Howard, K.W.F., and Lapcevie, P. (1994, November). Groundwater in Ontario: Hydrogeology, Quality Concerns and Management. NHRI Contribution No. CS-94011. Burlington, Ontario: National Hydrology Research Institute, Environment Canada. Martinson, M. (2003, October). Gasoline Oxygenates, Petroleum Distribution Networks, and Detections in Groundwater at LUST Sites. L.U.S.T. Line Bulletin, 45. Lowell, Massachusetts, New England Interstate Water Pollution Control Commission, 1-4. Michigan Department of Environmental Quality. (2006, Spring). Refined petroleum fund update. The Remediator, 1(2), 1-2. Retrieved August 19, 2008 from http://www.deq.state. mi.us/documents/deq-rrd-NEWS-Newsletter-4-24-06.pdf. Michigan Department of Environmental Quality. (2007). Applications Available for Leaking Underground Storage Tank Funding. Retrieved July 9, 2008 from http://michigan.gov/deq/0,1607,7- 135-3308_3323-172172--,00.html. Misener, K. (2007, February). Finding fuel still frustrating as Imperial Oil resumes Nanticoke refining. 680 News. Retrieved May 17, 2007 from http://www.680news.com/news/local/article. jsp?content=20070228_110514_4992. Moran, M.J., Zogorski , J.S., and Squillace, P.J. (2005). MTBE and gasoline hydrocarbons in ground water of the United States. Ground Water. 43(4): 615-627. Mouawad, J. (2008, May). Oil Companies settle for $423M in gasoline additive case. The New York Times. National Ground Water Association. (2007). Ground Water Facts. Retrieved May 13, 2007 from http://www.ngwa.org/presscenter/ faqs.cfm. Natural Resources Canada, Office of Energy Efficiency. (2007, April). Ethanol. Retrieved May 23, 2007 from http://oee.nrcan.gc.ca/ transportation/fuels/ethanol/ethanol.cfm. New England Interstate Water Pollution Control Commission. (2001, July). Health, Environmental, and Economic Impacts of Adding Ethanol to Gasoline in the Northeast States – Water Resources and Associated Health Impacts, 3, 55-80. Retrieved August 19, 2008 from http://www. neiwpcc.org/neiwpcc_docs/ethvol3.pdf. Pollack, L. (2007, May 30). Lesser of two evils: Tax or poisoned drinking water? The Detroit News. Rothe, R. (2003). LUST Sites. MEHA 10 th Annual Groundwater Conference. Shanty Creek Resort, Bellaire, Michigan. Rush, R. and Metzger, K. (1991). Leaking storage tank costs could rival our federal deficit: Environmental Science and Engineering, 9, 38-41. Sierra Club. (2005). Leaking Underground Storage Tanks: A Threat to Public Health & Environment. Retrieved August 19, 2008 from http:// www.sierraclub.org/toxics/Leaking_USTs/factsheets/national.PDF. Specialized Information Services – U.S. National Library of Medicine. (2007, March). Haz-Map - tert-Amyl methyl ether. Retrieved May 15, 2007 from http://hazmap.nlm.nih. gov/cgi-bin/hazmap_generic?tbl=TblAgents&id=1652. Sullivan, E. (2008, August 13). AP IMPACT: Underground FEMA fuel tanks could leak. The Associated Press. Retrieved August 13, 2008 from http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/ article/2008/08/12/AR2008081201900.html. Underground tank cleanup pegged at $12 B. (2007, February). Toledoblade.com. Tolpa, Robert. (1992). Personal Communication. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Torres, N. (2008, March 23). Nearly half of underground fuel tanks fail to meet state rules. South Florida Sun-Sentinel.com. Retrieved August 13, 2008 from http://www.sun-sentinel.com/ business/custom/consumer/sfl-0323fueltanks,0,2167705.story. United States Congress. (2005). Energy Policy Act of 2005 – Public Law 109-58-Aug. 8, 2005. Retrieved May 15, 2007 from http://www.epa.gov/swerust1/fedlaws/publ_109-058.pdf . United States Department of Energy. (2007, March). Equipment Options for E85 Fueling Systems. Retrieved May 15, 2007 from http:// www.eere.energy.gov/afdc/e85toolkit/equip_options.html. United States Department of Energy. (2006, June). Alternative Fuels – Ethanol. Retrieved May 15, 2007 from http://www.eere. energy.gov/afdc/altfuel/ethanol.html. United States Department of Energy. (2006, June). Alternative Fuels – Methanol. Retrieved May 15, 2007 from http://www.eere. energy.gov/afdc/altfuel/methanol.html. United States Environmental Protection Agency. (2008a, June). 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AReportoftheGreatLakesScienceAdviso
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Citation: Great Lakes Science Advis
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Commissioners’ Preface The Great
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2 required to monitor basin groundw
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4 Systems have a 30-year lifespan d
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6 Groundwater quality is routinely
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8 Transmittal Letter Groundwater/An
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10 Acknowledgements, Activities and
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APPENDICES Appendices A through L p
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INTRODUCTION Groundwater, a major n
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16 DESCRIPTION OF NATURAL SYSTEMS M
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that are not substantially affected
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Estimates of the Level and Extent o
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APPENDIX B Threats to Groundwater Q
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24 PATHOGENS Bacteria, viruses and
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Viruses Viral pathogens continue to
Page 35 and 36: SPECIFIC EPISODES Walkerton In 2000
Page 37 and 38: 30 season. The sampling sites inclu
Page 39 and 40: 32 Curriero, F.C., Patz, J.A., Rose
Page 41 and 42: Infection of a suitable host specie
Page 44 and 45: APPENDIX C Threats to Groundwater Q
Page 46 and 47: Road salt has significant toxic eff
Page 48 and 49: converted to nitrite in the human s
Page 50 and 51: Atrazine Atrazine is an extensively
Page 52 and 53: Wisconsin DNR keeps track of about
Page 54 and 55: Table 1. Chemical Contaminants in G
Page 56 and 57: isks for 23 diseases in six contigu
Page 58 and 59: Figure 1. Number* of waterborne-dis
Page 60 and 61: Guidelines for Canadian Drinking Wa
Page 62 and 63: APPENDIX D Threats to Groundwater Q
Page 64 and 65: Figure 1. Source: General Descripti
Page 66 and 67: (Gorman and Halvorsen, 2006). Any s
Page 68 and 69: Table 3. Washtenaw County, Michigan
Page 70 and 71: that the OWTS would last until it w
Page 72 and 73: REFERENCES AND BIBLIOGRAPHY Aglie,
Page 74: Septic Tanks - Septic Tank Articles
Page 77 and 78: INTRODUCTION Leaking underground st
Page 79 and 80: sites that were previously closed,
Page 81 and 82: Table 1. USTs in Great Lakes States
Page 83 and 84: Estimation of Costs for Remediation
Page 85: Table 6. Operational Compliance of
Page 89 and 90: 82 GLOSSARY AST - above ground stor
Page 91 and 92: INTRODUCTION 84 Hazardous wastes ar
Page 93 and 94: The town of Kincardine, Ontario, ha
Page 95 and 96: 88 • The monitoring and surveilla
Page 97 and 98: However, the U.S. EPA has been relu
Page 99 and 100: 92 Johnson, B.L. & DeRosa, C.T. (19
Page 101 and 102: PAHs - Polycyclic aromatic hydrocar
Page 103 and 104: INTRODUCTION An abandoned well is d
Page 105 and 106: Figure 6: Leaking oil well Source:
Page 107 and 108: CONTAMINANT SOURCES 100 During any
Page 109 and 110: Nearly 16 million operational water
Page 111 and 112: • Development of a targeted progr
Page 113 and 114: 106 Michigan Department of Environm
Page 115 and 116: APPENDIX H Threats to Groundwater Q
Page 117 and 118: far reaching. Road salt can inhibit
Page 119 and 120: 112 Desalinization Potential water
Page 121 and 122: Gray, J. (2004, January). Brine Spr
Page 123 and 124: INTRODUCTION 116 In 2003 there were
Page 125 and 126: 118 feed has increased to upwards o
Page 127 and 128: References and Bibliography 120 Arn
Page 129 and 130: APPENDIX J Threats to Groundwater Q
Page 131 and 132: for recreational purposes and destr
Page 133 and 134: 126 errors (human or mechanical), p
Page 135 and 136: Apparent Losses Old meters are like
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Figure 6. Examples of Windsor, Onta
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REFERENCES AND BIBLIOGRAPHY 132 Ada
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134 Levy, S. (2004, November 16). T
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APPENDIX K The Châteauguay Transbo
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138 the clay sediments of the St. L
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REFERENCES AND BIBLIOGRAPHY Bureau
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INTRODUCTION 142 Groundwater law ac
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144 • Water withdrawn be returned
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146 found to be failing. Now, with
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Part 373: Third Stage Treatment Lag
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150 Chapter 1501:15 Soil and Water
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152 Title 29 - Water Resources Mana
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APPENDIX M List of Acronyms ADHD -
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Groundwater in the Great Lakes Basin

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