RESEARCH· ·1970·

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ceiving veins, similnr to the secondary veins, direct from the mnil1 rnchis. P. wongii I-Ialle is the best lmown of the few species attributed to P'rotoblechn~tlm. It has been reported frmn several localities in China and l(orea, but Halle's (1927) account is the 1nost complete; his work was the 1najor influence in our assigning the Cutler specimen to P'rotoblechnulnt. Protoblechnum bradyi Mama·y and Breed, new species lfigure 1 S1Jecific cliagnosis.-Frond large, symmetrically developed, probably several decimeters or 1nore long, 20 c1n or 1nore wide. Rachis stout, 1.0 em or 1nore wide, ventrally flattened or channeled, with minor ridges. Pinnules straight or slightly falcate, oppositely paired, closely spaced, some overlapping, inserted at nearly right angles; pinnules 11.0 em or more long, narrowly lanceolate with deeply constricted, slightly auriculate bases and proximal lamina decurrent on rachis; pinnules broadest (to 2.0 em) near base, with rachial attachment approximately half as . broad. :Mid veins broad, complete, departing at sharp angles. Subsidiary venation unknown. II olotype.-Specimen P4.150. Dese1i1Jtion.-This account is based on one large, incmnplete specimen, shown slightly reduced in figure 1; in spite of imperfections in its preservation, it is a remarkable specimen on the basis of its clearcut identity with the Asiatic genus P1·otoblechn~t1n. To judge frmn the size of the fragment, it represents a small part of a very large frond, probably 10 decin1eters or n1ore long; if it was bifurcate, as P1·otoblechn~tm was in some instances, then it was an impressive structure. l''he fragment is 23 em long, 1neasured between the broken ends of the rachis ; the greatest width of the specimen is 19.0 em, measured across the broken tips of two opposite pinnae. The stout rachis constitutes one of the n1ore conspicuous features of this frond, principally because its lack of tapering from one broken end to the other distinctly suggests a great overall original length for the frond; the rachis 1nay have reached n. width of considerably n1ore than that shown by this fragmentary specimen. The upper, exposed surfn.ce is fiat or shallowly channeled, with a. low ridge along each side n.nd one along the 1niddle. The specin1en is preserved in substantial relief, so that 2.0 1nn1 or slightly more of the thickness of the rachis is exposed 'between pinnules. This condition suggests that little if any compressional distortion took place .during burial of the frond, and the rachis 'vas originally very stout, flattened, and ventrally ridged. There are MAMAY AND BREED Blll no traces of rachial indument or other accessory features. Twenty pinnules are attached, ten on each side of the rachis; most of these are nearly complete. At the base of the specimen the pinnules are inserted in opposite pairs, while the upper1nost two pairs appear to be slightly alternate; the latter arrangement is probably an illusion resulting from 1ninor preservational distortion. The pinnules are closely spaced, with intervals of about 2.0 cn1 between the midveins of adjacent pinnules; the spacing is sufficiently close that some of the pinnules slightly overlap each other. The pinnules are inserted at broad angles ( 60 o -75o ) to the rachis, with no significant variation. The pinnules are very large, the longest ones measuring 11.0 em .in length; they are equally developed on both sides of the frond. The pinnules are straight or slightly falcate, and narrowly lanceolate, with their greatest expansion at or within 1.0 to 1.5 c1n of their points of attachment to the rachis. At these broadest, basal points, the pinnules reach 2.0 em in width. Their actual bases, however, are deeply constricted, with the points of attachment to the rachis 1neasuring 1.0 to 1.5 c1n in width; some of the pinnules have weakly developed auricles. There is a slight decurrence of the lamina, forming a narrow, tapered wing on the rachis between adjacent pinnules; this is relatively broad at the proximal edge of each pinnule base, but it narrows to the point of disappearance just above the next proxiinally adjacent pinnule. Beyond the basallmninar enlargen1ents, the laminae taper gradually and evenly, terminating in bluntly rounded tips about 5.0 mm wide. The pinnules seen1 to h~ve been preserved in substantially their original shapes, inasmuch as the impressions show a natural-appearing, ventrally convex curvature. This is especially noticeable at the basal constrictions of the pinnules, where the laminar tissue is rather abruptly curled downward into the matrix, or toward the dorsal side of the frond. The curling is best seen in the pinnules at the botton1 left of figure 1. The pinnules were provided with strong 1nidribs, as evidenced by a wide (as nnlCh as 2.0 nun) shallow median groove in each pinnule. The 1nidribs depart sharply, showing no decurrence, and extend to the tips of the pinnules. The specimen contains no evidence of subsidiary venation. Rmnarks.-The only sin1ilarly large fronds known frmn the upper Paleozoic of North A1nerica are found in s~t1Jaia or GleTW]Jtmis, the latter an Early Permian genus described by Sellards (1900) frmn a small area in Dickinson County, J(ans. The first described species
Bll2 PALEONTOLOGY FIGURE 1.-ProtobZechnum bradyi Mamay and B~. new species. Notice thick, flattened and channeled rachis, constricted pinnule bases, decurrenJt laminae, and heavy midribs. Holotype, slightly reduced. Specimen P4.150.
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. ., GEOLOGICAL SURVEY RESEARCH·
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CONTENTS GEOLOGIC STUDIES Petrology
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GEOLOGICAL SURVEY RESEARCH 1970 Geo
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B2 PETROLOGY AND PETROGRAPHY for bi
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B4 PETROLOGY AND PETROGRAPHY has be
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B6 PETROLOGY AND PETROGRAPHY. 32
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B8 PETROLOGY AND PETROGRAPHY TABLE
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BlO · PETROLOGY AND PETROGRAPHY EX
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GE,OLOGICAL SURVEY RESEA·RCH 1970
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B16 PETROLOGY AND PETROGRAPHY Sprin
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B20 PETROLOGY AND PETROGRAPHY Sigva
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B22 PETROLOGY AND PETROGRAPHY EXPLA
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B24 PE~ROLOGY AND PETROGRAPHY schis
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B28 PETROLOGY AND PETROGRAPHY sg•
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B30 PETROLOGY AND PETROGRAPHY Detri
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B32 PETROLOGY AND PETROGRAPHY place
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B34 PETROLOGY AND PETROGRAPHY 66 '
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B36 PETROLOGY AND PETROGRAPHY Post-
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B40 PETROLOGY AND PETROGRAPHY did n
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B42 PETROLOGY AND PETROGRAPHY Creta
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td :t 106'20' r--- 10' 106'00' 38'3
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B46 STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY FIGURE 4.-Vi
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B48 STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY FIGURE 6.-An
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B50 STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY clined slide
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GE,OLOGICAL SURVEY RESEARCH 1970 CA
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B54 GEOPHYSICS (1950), Domzalski (1
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B56 GEOPHYSICS STRATIGRAPHY AND LIT
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B58 GEOPHYSICS STRATIGRAPHY AND LIT
Page 65 and 66: B60 GEOPHYSICS value. A normal free
Page 67 and 68: B62 GEOPHYSICS Hammer, Sigmund, 193
Page 69 and 70: B64 110°45' GEOPHYSICS L I I \ "'\
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Page 73 and 74: B68 GEOPHYSICS A' San 0 p A c I F I
Page 75 and 76: B70 GEOPHYSICS lies occur over rela
Page 77 and 78: B72 GEOPHYSICS 36° 00' A' 40___./
Page 79 and 80: B74 GEOPHYSICS igneous massif is co
Page 81 and 82: B76 GEOPHYSICS A 50 Bouguer gravity
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Page 85 and 86: B80 GEOPHYSICS FIGURE 1.-Bouguell'
Page 87 and 88: B82 GEOPHYSICS J I 37·~~------~~--
Page 89 and 90: B84 GEOPHYSICS B 600 B' 500 400 (/)
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Page 93 and 94: EXPLANATION Pikes Peak • batholit
Page 95 and 96: DISTRIBUTION OF URANIUM IN URANIUM-
Page 97 and 98: B92 GEOCHRONOLOGY Fleischer, R. L.,
Page 99 and 100: B94 ECONOMIC GEOLOGY 103° 35' w 1/
Page 101 and 102: 'B96 ECONOMIC ·GEOLOGY 0 500 FEET
Page 103 and 104: B98 ECONOMIC GEOLOGY TABLE !.-Summa
Page 105 and 106: BlOO ECONOMIC GEOLOGY surface seems
Page 107 and 108: GE 1 0LOGICAL SURVEY RESEA·RCH 197
Page 109 and 110: B104 EJrucJh of the four samples wa
Page 111 and 112: B106 ECONOMIC GEOLOGY R. 56 E. R. 5
Page 113 and 114: B108 ECONOMIC GEOLOGY outcrop under
Page 115: BllO Brady, of the Museum of Northe
Page 119 and 120: B114 PALEONTOLOGY c .,;# I I ' ' lO
Page 121 and 122: B116 PALEONTOLOGY ments, the larges
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Page 125 and 126: B120 L xMH 'xE soo~~B_R~I __ T_I __
Page 127 and 128: B122 PALEONTOLOGY Tetrataxis sp. Te
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Page 131 and 132: Bl26 PALEONTOLOGY TABLE 2.-Ranges o
Page 133 and 134: B128 PALEONTOLOGY l
Page 135 and 136: BI30 PALEONTOLOGY Ocmt/rrence.-P. m
Page 137 and 138: Bl32 PALEONTOLOGY proximately 5.7 m
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Page 141 and 142: Bl36 PALEONTOLOGY --- 1963. The ori
Page 143 and 144: B138 PALEONTOLOGY core are m1ssmg,
Page 145 and 146: B140 PALEONTOLOGY death assemblage:
Page 147 and 148: Bl42 STRATIGRAPHY EXPLANATION l:.\.
Page 149 and 150: B144 STRATIGRAPHY ver. We do not in
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Page 157 and 158: B152 STRATIGRAPHY at a depth of 58
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Page 161 and 162: B156 STRATIGRAPHY REFERENCES Brown,
Page 163 and 164: B158 STRATIGRAPHY In what follows,
Page 165 and 166: Bi60 STRATIGRAPHY TABLE !.-Stratigr
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B162 SEDIMENTATION with increasing
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llj ...... ~ TABLE 2.-Specific grav
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B166 TABLE 3.-Settling time for a 1
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Bl68 GEOMORPHOLOGY 74° 44° YERMON
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B170 GEOMORPHOLOGY have also been r
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B172 GEOMORPHOLOGY end of Long Isla
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GEOLOGICAL SURVEY RESEARCH 1970 DET
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~ooo ______________ B176 ANALYTICAL
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B178 terranes where the search for
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B180 Reproducibility Replicate anal
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B182 ANALYTICAL METHODS in the aque
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GEOLOGICAL SURVEY RESEARCH 1970 CHE
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B186 ANALYTICAL METHODS 3.31 percen
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Bl88 ANALYTICAL METHODS 3" 2%" Oute
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GEOLOGICAL SURVEY RESEA~RCH 1970 TR
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B192 GROUND-WATER RECHARGE I T I 14
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B194 GROUND-WATER RECHARGE Therefor
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GEOLOGICAL SURVEY RESEARCH 1970 PRE
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B198 GROUND-WATER RECHARGE the basi
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B200 GROUND-WATER RECHARGE t \ \)
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B202 GROUND-WATER RECHARGE Water is
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B204 GROUND-WATER CONTAMINATION rv
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B206 GROUND-WATER CONTAMINATION TAB
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B208. GROUND-WATER CONTAMINATION fa
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GEOLOGICAL SURVEY RESEARCH 1970 MEA
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B212 SURFACE WATER plotted, and the
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GEOLOGICAL SURVEY RESEA·RCH 1970 T
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B216 SURFACE WATER however, if the
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B218 SURFACE WATER TABLE 4.-Variati
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B220 RELATION· BETWEEN GROUND eral
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B222 -0.010 f -0.005 (i) RELATION B
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GEOLOGICAL SURVEY RESEARCH 1970 THE
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'B226 RELATION BETWEEN GROUND WATER
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B228 RELATION, BETWEEN GROUND WATER
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B230 RELATION BETWEEN GROUND WATER
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GEOLOGICAL SURVEY RESEARCH 1970 HYD
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B234 EROSION AND SEDIMENTATION side
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B236 EROSION AND SEDIMENTATION s·o
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B238 EROSION AND SEDIMENTATION Cont
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B240 EROSION AND SEDIMENTATION 2 3
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GEOLOGICAL SURVEY RESEARCH 1970 SPE
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B244 GEOCHEMISTRY OF WATER REFERENC
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B246 HYDROLOGIC TECHNIQUES The upla
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B248 HYDROLOGIC TECHNIQUES type in
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GEOLOGICAL SURVEY RESEARCH 1970 ,,.
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B252 formula may also be useful in
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GEO'LOGICAL SURVEY RESEARCH 1970 CO
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B256 randomly fluctuating component
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B258 HYDROLOGIC TECHNIQUES 1.0 ~ Qj
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~ B260 HYDROLOGIC TECHNIQUES 1-3, f
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I B262 HYDROLOGIC TECHNIQUES REFERE
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,' B264 Page Gravitational sliding,
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., / )
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RESEARCH· ·1970·

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