RESEARCH· ·1970·

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GE,OLOGICAL SURVEY RESEA·RCH 1970 GEOLOGY OF NEW OCCURRENCES OF PLEISTOCENE BISONS AND PECCARIES IN COLORADO By GLENN R. SCOTT and ROBERT M. LINDY ALL, Denver, Colo. A.bstt·aot.-New occurrences of Quaternary mammals in Colorado, including Bison ( G-irJantolJison) la,ti.ft·ons in Slocum Alluvium of Snngnmon nge; B'ison (Shnob1son) P alleniP in Louviers Alluvium of enrly Bull T.Jnke age; nnd Platygon1t8 cotnpt·essus in eolinn snnd of Pineclnle and early Holocene age, permit a more definite assignment of age to these vertebrate species thnn hns been possible in the pnst. Two new occurrences of Pleistocene bison, Bison (-Gigantobison) latif'rons and Bison (Simobison) ? alleni.~, and one of peccary, Platygonus compressus, are stratigraphically well documented and permit a more definite assignment of age to these vertebrate species than has been possible in the past. All occur in deposits that are part of a well-established Quaternary sequence along the Rocky l\1ountains front (Scott, 1960). '"!''his sequence of deposits consists of alluvium on a series of pediments and terraces that range in elevation from nearly 500 feet above present stream level for the oldest to only a :few feet above stream level for the youngest. Differences in degree of weathering and soil profiles imposed on the deposits, as well as in height above stream level, ~tre useful in determining stratigraphic position. The deposits, their ages, and their heights above modern 'Streams ~we fr01n oldest Ito youngest: Nussbaum Alluvium of Pleistocene age, 470 feet; Rocky Flnts Alluvium of Nebraskan or Aftonian age, 360 feet; Verdos Alluvium of J(ansan or Yarmouth age, two levels ttt 220 feet and 290 feet (a level intermediate between Rocky Flats and typical Verdos) ; Slocmn Alluvium of Illinoian or Sangamon age, two levels at 120 feet and 180 feet (a level intermediate between Verdos nnd typical Slocmn); Louviers Alluvium of Bull Lake age, 80 feet; Broadway Alluvium of Pinedale age, 40 feet; and Piney Creek Alluvium and post-Piney Creek alluvium of late Holocene age, respectively 25 and 5 feet ( nnd the flood plain) . GIANT BISON FROM CANON CITY A horn core on display in the municipal museum in Canon City, Colo., was recognized as that of a giant bison by Scott in July 1967. This horn core, which had been found near Canon City a year earlier (fig. 1), was identified by G. Edward Lewis as Bison ( Gigantobison) latif'rons Harlan and was described by him (Lewi's, 1970) (p. B137, tJhis chapter). The horn core is from a skull found in gravel about 5 feet above the floor of a pit leased by the Fremont County Highway Department in sec. 26, T. 18 S., R. 70 "V., Fremont County, Colo. This gravel is part of the Slocum Alluvium along Fourmile Creek, a tributary of the Arkansas River near Canon City. The Slocum Alluvium here consists chiefly of 11-25 feet of yellowish-red well-stratified gravel that contains pebbles, cobbles, and boulders generally in lenses (fig. 2). Large lumps and layers of olive-gray shale reworked from the underlying Pierre Shale are abundant. The gravel is cross-stratified in. a manner typical of stream deposits; it also contains channels filled with coarse gravel. The upper part of the Slocum Alluvium consists of about 4 feet of clayey pebbly sand and silt that conformably overlies the lower part. This division of the Slocum into a thick gravel and a thin overlying pebbly sand and silt is typical of the Slocum and of most pediment alluvium. The Slocum, except for the lower bouldery part, is slightly cemented by clay throughout and by calcium carbonate in the upper part where a pre-Bull Lake soil is developed; the lower bouldery part of the gravel is uncemented. Near Canon City, ·alluvium in two terraces at 120 and 180 feet above the Arkansas River is placed in the lJ.S. GEOL. SURVEY PROF. PAPER 70G-B, PA:GES Bl41-Bl49 B141
Bl42 STRATIGRAPHY EXPLANATION l:.\.!""9;f~;;;:=.:J Post-Piney Creek alluvium .. Piney Creek Alluvium Broadway Alluvium ~ ~ Louviers Alluvium II Slocum Alluvium Qsg, gravel deposited at a stage tra.nsitional between Verdos and Slocum >- 0:: ..:{ z 0:: w r- 4: ~ 0 Verdos Alluvium Qvg, gravel deposited at a stage transitional between Rocky Flats and Verdos l~!.~t=~;t 1 11~'11 Rocky Flats Alluvium Nussbaum Alluvium D Pre-Quaternary bedrock Contact R. 70 W. R. 69 W. 0 2 MILES 5600' !- ~A' 5600' 5500' 5500' 5400' 5400' 5300 • Cretaceous. Pierre Shale Ql 5300' 5200'-L----------------------------------------------~------------------------------------~4-5200' FIGURE 1.-Generalized·. surficial geologic map and section of part of the Canon City quadrangle, Colorado. Geology by G. R. Scott, 1967.
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. ., GEOLOGICAL SURVEY RESEARCH·
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CONTENTS GEOLOGIC STUDIES Petrology
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GEOLOGICAL SURVEY RESEARCH 1970 Geo
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B2 PETROLOGY AND PETROGRAPHY for bi
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B4 PETROLOGY AND PETROGRAPHY has be
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B6 PETROLOGY AND PETROGRAPHY. 32
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B8 PETROLOGY AND PETROGRAPHY TABLE
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BlO · PETROLOGY AND PETROGRAPHY EX
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GE,OLOGICAL SURVEY RESEA·RCH 1970
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B16 PETROLOGY AND PETROGRAPHY Sprin
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B20 PETROLOGY AND PETROGRAPHY Sigva
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B22 PETROLOGY AND PETROGRAPHY EXPLA
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B24 PE~ROLOGY AND PETROGRAPHY schis
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B28 PETROLOGY AND PETROGRAPHY sg•
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B30 PETROLOGY AND PETROGRAPHY Detri
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B32 PETROLOGY AND PETROGRAPHY place
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B34 PETROLOGY AND PETROGRAPHY 66 '
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B36 PETROLOGY AND PETROGRAPHY Post-
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B40 PETROLOGY AND PETROGRAPHY did n
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B42 PETROLOGY AND PETROGRAPHY Creta
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td :t 106'20' r--- 10' 106'00' 38'3
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B46 STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY FIGURE 4.-Vi
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B48 STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY FIGURE 6.-An
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B50 STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY clined slide
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GE,OLOGICAL SURVEY RESEARCH 1970 CA
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B54 GEOPHYSICS (1950), Domzalski (1
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B56 GEOPHYSICS STRATIGRAPHY AND LIT
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B58 GEOPHYSICS STRATIGRAPHY AND LIT
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B60 GEOPHYSICS value. A normal free
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B62 GEOPHYSICS Hammer, Sigmund, 193
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B64 110°45' GEOPHYSICS L I I \ "'\
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B68 GEOPHYSICS A' San 0 p A c I F I
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B70 GEOPHYSICS lies occur over rela
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B72 GEOPHYSICS 36° 00' A' 40___./
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B74 GEOPHYSICS igneous massif is co
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B76 GEOPHYSICS A 50 Bouguer gravity
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GE·OLOGICAL SURVEY RESEARCH 1970 R
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B80 GEOPHYSICS FIGURE 1.-Bouguell'
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B82 GEOPHYSICS J I 37·~~------~~--
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B84 GEOPHYSICS B 600 B' 500 400 (/)
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GE,OLOGICAL SURVEY RESEA·RCH 1970
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EXPLANATION Pikes Peak • batholit
Page 95 and 96: DISTRIBUTION OF URANIUM IN URANIUM-
Page 97 and 98: B92 GEOCHRONOLOGY Fleischer, R. L.,
Page 99 and 100: B94 ECONOMIC GEOLOGY 103° 35' w 1/
Page 101 and 102: 'B96 ECONOMIC ·GEOLOGY 0 500 FEET
Page 103 and 104: B98 ECONOMIC GEOLOGY TABLE !.-Summa
Page 105 and 106: BlOO ECONOMIC GEOLOGY surface seems
Page 107 and 108: GE 1 0LOGICAL SURVEY RESEA·RCH 197
Page 109 and 110: B104 EJrucJh of the four samples wa
Page 111 and 112: B106 ECONOMIC GEOLOGY R. 56 E. R. 5
Page 113 and 114: B108 ECONOMIC GEOLOGY outcrop under
Page 115 and 116: BllO Brady, of the Museum of Northe
Page 117 and 118: Bll2 PALEONTOLOGY FIGURE 1.-ProtobZ
Page 119 and 120: B114 PALEONTOLOGY c .,;# I I ' ' lO
Page 121 and 122: B116 PALEONTOLOGY ments, the larges
Page 123 and 124: GErOLOGICAL SURVEY RESEA·RCH 1970
Page 125 and 126: B120 L xMH 'xE soo~~B_R~I __ T_I __
Page 127 and 128: B122 PALEONTOLOGY Tetrataxis sp. Te
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Page 131 and 132: Bl26 PALEONTOLOGY TABLE 2.-Ranges o
Page 133 and 134: B128 PALEONTOLOGY l
Page 135 and 136: BI30 PALEONTOLOGY Ocmt/rrence.-P. m
Page 137 and 138: Bl32 PALEONTOLOGY proximately 5.7 m
Page 139 and 140: Bl34 PALEONTOLOGY a b c d e f g - D
Page 141 and 142: Bl36 PALEONTOLOGY --- 1963. The ori
Page 143 and 144: B138 PALEONTOLOGY core are m1ssmg,
Page 145: B140 PALEONTOLOGY death assemblage:
Page 149 and 150: B144 STRATIGRAPHY ver. We do not in
Page 151 and 152: B146 STRATIGRAPHY age. A stratigrap
Page 153 and 154: B148 5 10 15 20 X X Plntygonus Pla.
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Page 157 and 158: B152 STRATIGRAPHY at a depth of 58
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Page 161 and 162: B156 STRATIGRAPHY REFERENCES Brown,
Page 163 and 164: B158 STRATIGRAPHY In what follows,
Page 165 and 166: Bi60 STRATIGRAPHY TABLE !.-Stratigr
Page 167 and 168: B162 SEDIMENTATION with increasing
Page 169 and 170: llj ...... ~ TABLE 2.-Specific grav
Page 171 and 172: B166 TABLE 3.-Settling time for a 1
Page 173 and 174: Bl68 GEOMORPHOLOGY 74° 44° YERMON
Page 175 and 176: B170 GEOMORPHOLOGY have also been r
Page 177 and 178: B172 GEOMORPHOLOGY end of Long Isla
Page 179 and 180: GEOLOGICAL SURVEY RESEARCH 1970 DET
Page 181 and 182: ~ooo ______________ B176 ANALYTICAL
Page 183 and 184: B178 terranes where the search for
Page 185 and 186: B180 Reproducibility Replicate anal
Page 187 and 188: B182 ANALYTICAL METHODS in the aque
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Page 191 and 192: B186 ANALYTICAL METHODS 3.31 percen
Page 193 and 194: Bl88 ANALYTICAL METHODS 3" 2%" Oute
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B192 GROUND-WATER RECHARGE I T I 14
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B194 GROUND-WATER RECHARGE Therefor
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GEOLOGICAL SURVEY RESEARCH 1970 PRE
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B198 GROUND-WATER RECHARGE the basi
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B200 GROUND-WATER RECHARGE t \ \)
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B202 GROUND-WATER RECHARGE Water is
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B204 GROUND-WATER CONTAMINATION rv
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B206 GROUND-WATER CONTAMINATION TAB
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B208. GROUND-WATER CONTAMINATION fa
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GEOLOGICAL SURVEY RESEARCH 1970 MEA
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B212 SURFACE WATER plotted, and the
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GEOLOGICAL SURVEY RESEA·RCH 1970 T
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B216 SURFACE WATER however, if the
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B218 SURFACE WATER TABLE 4.-Variati
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B220 RELATION· BETWEEN GROUND eral
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B222 -0.010 f -0.005 (i) RELATION B
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GEOLOGICAL SURVEY RESEARCH 1970 THE
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'B226 RELATION BETWEEN GROUND WATER
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B228 RELATION, BETWEEN GROUND WATER
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B230 RELATION BETWEEN GROUND WATER
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GEOLOGICAL SURVEY RESEARCH 1970 HYD
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B234 EROSION AND SEDIMENTATION side
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B236 EROSION AND SEDIMENTATION s·o
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B238 EROSION AND SEDIMENTATION Cont
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B240 EROSION AND SEDIMENTATION 2 3
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GEOLOGICAL SURVEY RESEARCH 1970 SPE
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B244 GEOCHEMISTRY OF WATER REFERENC
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B246 HYDROLOGIC TECHNIQUES The upla
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B248 HYDROLOGIC TECHNIQUES type in
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GEOLOGICAL SURVEY RESEARCH 1970 ,,.
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B252 formula may also be useful in
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GEO'LOGICAL SURVEY RESEARCH 1970 CO
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B256 randomly fluctuating component
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B258 HYDROLOGIC TECHNIQUES 1.0 ~ Qj
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~ B260 HYDROLOGIC TECHNIQUES 1-3, f
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I B262 HYDROLOGIC TECHNIQUES REFERE
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,' B264 Page Gravitational sliding,
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., / )
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