Download Volume II Accomplisments (28 Mb pdf). - IRIS
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Upper Mantle Structure of Southern Africa from Rayleigh Wave<br />
Tomography with 2-D Sensitivity Kernels<br />
Aibing Li (University of Houston)<br />
A 3-D shear wave model in southern Africa has been developed from fundamental mode Rayleigh wave phase velocities,<br />
which are computed at the period range of 20 to 167 s using a two-plane-wave tomography method. 2-D sensitivity kernels are<br />
applied in the phase velocity inversion to account for finite-frequency effects, which are significant at periods greater than 100<br />
s. The new model (Figure 1 and 2) confirms the first-order observations found by Li and Burke [2006], a fast mantle lid extending<br />
to ~180 km depth and being underlain by a low velocity zone. One new feature in the model is the vertical alignment of a<br />
shallow low velocity anomaly with a deep high velocity anomaly at the western Bushveld province. The alignment makes more<br />
sense for interpreting the slow as the result of high iron content from the Bushveld intrusion and the fast as a more depleted<br />
residual mantle. A low velocity channel at the depths of 220-310 km from the southern end of the Kheiss belt to the northwest<br />
of the Kaapvaal craton is also imaged for the first time. It suggests that the hot asthenosphere outside the craton could migrate<br />
into the craton area through a weak channel and thermally erode the cratonic lithosphere from below. In addition, low velocity<br />
anomalies from 100 to 180 km agree well with the localities of kimberlites erupted at 65-104 Ma in the Kaapvaal craton, providing<br />
additional evidence for the depth extent of mantle xenoliths.<br />
References<br />
Li, A., and K. Burke (2006), Upper mantle structure of southern Africa from Rayleigh wave tomography, J. Geophys. Res., 111, B10303,<br />
doi:10.1029/2006JB004321.<br />
Jelsma, H. A., M. J. De Wit, C. Thiart, P. H. Dirks, G. Viola, I. J. Basson, and E. Anckar (2004), Preferential distribution along transcontinental<br />
corridors of kimberlites and related rocks of Southern Africa, S. Afr. J. Geol., 107, 301-324.<br />
Yang, Y., and D.W. Forsyth (2006), Regional tomographic inversion of amplitude and phase of Rayleigh waves with 2-D sensitivity kernels,<br />
Geophys. J. Int., 166, 1148-1160.<br />
Acknowledgements: Data used in this study are from the <strong>IRIS</strong> DMC. Yingjie Yang kindly provided the inversion codes with 2-D sensitivity kernels.<br />
This research is supported by NSF grant EAR-0645503.<br />
Figure 1. Shear-wave velocity variations at 4 depth ranges. Black squares delineate<br />
the sites of kimberlites at 104 to 65 Ma based on Fig. 7c in Jelsma et al.<br />
(2004), which show a better correlation with slow regions in shallow upper mantle<br />
(a and b). Red lines show the locations of profiles in Figure. 2. Dashed lines<br />
are tectonic boundaries.<br />
Figure 2. Shear-wave velocity profiles at the depths of 50-300 km. A relative low<br />
velocity zone appears on all profiles at roughly 160-260 km depths. (a-c) Velocity<br />
profiles of AA', BB' and CC' from this study. (d) Shear-wave velocity profile along<br />
CC' from the study of Li & Burke (2006). Note the good alignment of the shallow,<br />
slow anomaly and the deep, fast anomaly at the distance of 8 degree in (c),<br />
which is not well imaged in (d).<br />
2010 <strong>IRIS</strong> Core Programs Proposal | <strong>Volume</strong> <strong>II</strong> | Upper Mantle Structure and Dynamics | <strong>II</strong>-201