BALTICA10

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The Pythagorean Geometry of the Atreus Tomb at Mycenae artinius. „Atrėjo lobynas“ turi visas svarbiausias aiškiai atpažįstamas geometrines proporcijas, aprašytas Diofanto bei žinotas Mesopotamijoje ir būdingas Pitagoro skaičių trejetų geometrijai. „Atrėjo lobyno“ laidojimo rūsyje naudotas ilgio matas sutampa su Lagašo valdovo Gudėjo (Gudea) uolektimi – 0,496 m. Vertė Audronė Bliujienė MARCELLO RANIERI 214
MEASUREMENT SYSTEMS FOR MATHEMATICS AND ASTRONOMY IN ANTIQUITY: PTOLEMY’S CHORD CALCULATION AND NEW CONSIDERATIONS CONCERNING THE “DISCUS IN PLANITIA” ASCRIBED TO ARISTARCHUS. PART I FLORIN STANESCU ARCHAEOLOGIA BALTICA 10 Abstract The aim of this work is to present new hypotheses concerning a great disk of andesite – approximately 7 m in diameter – which was discovered in Meridional Carpathians in Romania on the sacred terrace of the capital of the ancient kingdom of the Dacians. Having included in this structure all the specific features of a sun dial, the place’s latitude φ, the obliquity of the ecliptic in epoch ε, as well as a north–south orientation, is possible and probable that this is the “discus in planitia” that Vitruvius ascribed to Aristarchus. Key words: sundial, Andesite Sun, Soarele de Andesit, Sarmizegetusa Regia, sacred terrace, Dacian, astronomy in antiquity, discus in planitia. Introduction The ancient capital of the Dacian kingdom, Sarmizegetuza Regia, lies in the Orastie Mountains, Romania. Eleven round and rectangular sanctuaries have been discovered so far in this impressive complex of ruins called the Sacred Terrace. Astronomical knowledge Several ancient sources report on the astronomical activities of the Dacians. The beginnings of Dacian astronomy are connected to Zalmoxis (also known as Zamolxis), a legendary social and religious leader, regarded as a god by the Dacians. According to Herodotus (History, IV, 93-96) Zalmoxis was a slave or disciple of Pythagoras who taught him at Samos. After obtaining his freedom, Zalmoxis returned to his country, where he built a chamber and taught his countrymen of the doctrine of the immortality of the soul. Strabo’s later report (Geography VII, 3,5) adds that Zalmoxis has learnt not only from Pythagoras, but also from the Egyptians, and gives him an ability to “report the will of the gods”. Strabo is the first author who maintains that Zalmoxis learnt the science of the skies from Pythagoras: “He [i.e. Herodotus] tells us that one of the Getes named Zamolxis was the slave of Pythagoras and, during this time, he had learned from the philosopher the sciences of the sky. Afterwards he had assimilated other knowledge from the Egyptians, because he also wandered about in those places of the world”. All later authors stated that Zalmoxis brought back to the Dacians, from Egypt and from Pythagoras, a mystic doctrine regarding the immortality of the soul together with the arts of civilization.” Saint Hippolytus of Rome (in the so-called Philosophoumena, II, 2, 22 known also as the Refutation of All Heresies) says that Zalmoxis “ is said to have taught the Celtic Druids to cultivate the philosophy of Pythagoras” and Porphyry of Tyre (in The Life of Pythagoras) narrates that “... Also …Pythagoras taught him to study the celestial phenomena...”. But the most conclusive report about Dacian astronomy is to be found in a description by Iordanes, a 6 th -century historian, in Getica (V, 39, 69-71), of the early history of the Goths (Dacians). His work, in turn, was a summary of the now lost Cassiodorus’ much Fig. 1. Map of the zone of the sanctuaries at Sarmizegetusa- Regia, Romania. V V. REFLECTIONS OF ASTRO- NOMICAL AND COSMOLOGICAL KNOWLEDGE IN MONUMENTS, LANDSCAPES AND ARCHITECTURE 215
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ARCHAEOLOGIA BALTICA10 Astronomy an
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UDK 902/904 Ar 46 Volume 10 Editori
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Vytautas Tumėnas. The visual and t
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PREFACE Jonas VaiškūnaS Preface T
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Jonas VaiškūnaS Preface cists, ma
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LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS List of Contri
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List of Contributors Dimitar Kolev
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List of Contributors 16 Dainius Raz
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Second Parts can always be better!
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Conference Summary: A Historian’s
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THE MILKY WAY AND ITS STRUCTURING F
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THE MILKY WAY AND ITS STRUCTURING F
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CECILIA PAULA GÓMEZ Venus And The
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CECILIA PAULA GÓMEZ Venus And The
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Astronyms in Belarussian Folk Belie
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Traditional Astronomical Knowledge
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Traditional Astronomical Knowledge
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A Solar Calendar from Latvian Daina
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A Solar Calendar from Latvian Daina
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SAULĖS KALENDORIUS PAGAL LATVIŲ D
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Mesopotamian Influences on Persian
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THE BIRTHDAY OF ASAKKU ARKADIUSZ SO
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ARKADIUSZ SOŁTYSIAK The Birthday o
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ARKADIUSZ SOŁTYSIAK The Birthday o
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NOEMI MIRANDA, JUAN A. BELMONTE, MI
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NOEMI MIRANDA, JUAN A. BELMONTE, MI
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Tracing the Celestial Deer - an Anc
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Tracing the Celestial Deer - an Anc
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Calendrical Deer, Time-Reckoning an
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The Mythological Moon Horse as Refl
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The Visual and the Mythical- Poetic
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VYTAUTAS TUMĖNAS The Visual and th
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Some Peripheral Forms of the Medite
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JONAS VAIŠKŪNAS Some Peripheral F
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Were the 185 A.D. and 369 A.D. “G
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Indigenous Astronomical Traditions
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A new attempt to date the Xia, Shan
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GÖRAN HENRIKSSON A new attempt to
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Eleventh-Century Supernovae: Anothe
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Eleventh-Century Supernovae: Anothe
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The Date of Purim and Calendars in
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L’abbé Jean Lebeuf, (1687- 1760)
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Orientations at the Minoan Peak San
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GREGORY E. MUNSON, BRYAN C. BATES,
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Reading, Writing, and Recording the
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Reading, Writing, and Recording the
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David W. Pankenier, Ciyuan Y. Liu,
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The Xiangfen, Taosi site: a Chinese
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On the Origin of the Roman Idea of
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GIULIO MAGLI On the Origin of the R
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On the Origin of the Roman Idea of
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The Nuraghic Well of Santa Cristina
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ARNOLD LEBEUF The Nuraghic Well of
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Page 164 and 165: ANDREI PROKHOROV Images on the Ston
Page 166 and 167: Images on the Stones at Scebiaraky
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Page 170 and 171: Thracian Dolmens and their Orientat
Page 172 and 173: Antonio César González García, V
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Page 176 and 177: JOHN MCKIM MALVILLE, MICHAEL ZAWASK
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Page 180 and 181: Cosmological Motifs of Peruvian Hua
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Page 184 and 185: MARCELLO RANIERI A Geometrical Anal
Page 194 and 195: A Geometrical Analysis of Mesoameri
Page 196 and 197: LUCILLA LABIANCA, IDA SCIORTINO, SI
Page 198 and 199: An Archaeoastronomical Study of the
Page 200 and 201: Some Cosmological Aspects оf Catho
Page 204 and 205: RIMVYDAS LAUŽIKAS Some Cosmologica
Page 208 and 209: Fig. 1. Distribution of the graves
Page 210 and 211: Basatanya revisited: two periods of
Page 212 and 213: The Pythagorean Geometry of the Atr
Page 216 and 217: Measurement Systems for Mathematics
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Page 222 and 223: LIONEL SIMS Integrating Archaeoastr
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Page 228 and 229: Juan Antonio Belmonte, Antonio Cés
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Page 234 and 235: The Orientations of Central Alentej
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Page 258 and 259: THE CASE STUDY OF THE BOORONG The C
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Nationalism and Politics in the Rec
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Nationalism and Politics in the Rec
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Cosmic Catastrophes and Cultural Di
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In Memoriam Izold’s interests wer
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Klaipėdos universiteto leidykla AR
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Plates 2 6 1 3 Plate II. Antonio C
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Plates 12 11 10 9 8 7 Plate IV. IV
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Plates 1 11 Plate VI. VI Antonio C
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Plates 2 3 Plate VIII. VIII Lucilla
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