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Searching for the Astronomy of Aboriginal Australians RAY P. NORRIS Australijoje, kurių tradicinė kultūra klesti. Įrašinėjame pasakojimus ir fiksuojame astronomines žinias tiek, kiek jų gali būti pateikta nenusimanančiam baltajam asmeniui. Kita kryptis skirta Pietryčių Australijos vietinių žmonių astronomijos studijoms. Šias kultūras per keletą metų smarkiai apnaikino europiečių gyvenvietės. Čia tiriami ir fiksuojami petroglifai Sidnio baseino regione, taip pat akmenų konstrukcijos Viktorijoje. Sidnio uolų menui, iš visko sprendžiant, būdingas ryškus astronominis simbolizmas: čia paminėtinas emu atvaizdas uoloje (labiau primenantis „Emu danguje“ nei tikrovišką paukštį emu) bei dažnai vaizduojamas Mėnulio pjautuvas. Nustatyta, kad Viktorijoje esantis akmenų ratas apytikriai orientuotas į saulėgrįžas ir lygiadienį, bet turima ir kitų pavyzdžių, kur akmenys gana kruopščiai orientuoti pagal pasaulio šalis. Toliau vykdant tyrimą siekiama nustatyti, ar šie pastebėjimai gali būti pagrįsti statistiškai. Vertė Jurgita Žukauskaitė 252
VII. ARCHAEOLOGY, FOLKLORE AND THE RECOVERY OF PAST ASTRONOMIES ALTERNATIVE ARCHAEOASTRONOMIES – AN OVERVIEW STANISŁAW IWANISZEWSKI ARCHAEOLOGIA BALTICA 10 Abstract My paper focuses on diverse misinterpretations in archaeoastronomy grouped into three main topics: 1. Archaeoastronomy, modernity, and ethnic and national identities; 2. ‘Alternative’ and ‘fringe’ archaeoastronomies; 3. Neo-shamanic, neo-pagan, and New Age perspectives and the reinvention of an astronomical tradition. They all are briefly described in order to remind us we should be increasingly aware of our own prejudices and of the styles of analysis we may be imposing on the celestial lore of other peoples. Key words: alternative archaeoastronomies, astralism, panbabylonianism. Defining the Ground for Archaeoastronomy The ways in which societies are engaged with their surroundings are neither absolute nor universally valid. Each society has its own lifeworld which may or may not be different from any other. Not all societies are equally active in constructing their own surroundings, but all acquire some knowledge of the world in the process of dwelling in the world. Phenomenological notions of “being-the-world” advocated by Ingold (2000, p.5, 185-187) imply that celestial lore, like other types of cultural knowledge, is acquired, altered, represented and shared in the process of dwelling in the world. Hence it should be elicited within the context in which it functions. This context has many social, material and symbolic components which should not be separated from each other. Viewed in this way, celestial lore should be conceived as embodied in peoples’ forms of acting in the world rather than as being locked inside peoples’ heads. The advantage of this perspective is that it offers the possibility of studying people’s perceptions of the sky through different expressions embedded in diverse social practices and structures, and in material evidence. Even if the anthropological and archaeological concepts of culture routinely consider context as a source of knowledge, their contextualizations are not heuristically neutral 1 . While anthropologists and archaeologists may well be aware of their analytical biases, other scientists may not. Archaeological narratives reach diverse audiences and may be worked out in relation to different political, ideological, religious, pseudoscientific, and other agendas. Archaeology attracts different groups who may define themselves through the display of distinctive symbolic forms, including objects and practices used in the past. While archaeology and anthropology use the concept of culture as a means of explaining human difference and attempting to elucidate what is relevant for cultural diversity and what is commonly shared by all humans, modern or marginalized groups may use the cultural (and scientific) legacy of the past for the greater recognition of their cultural ‘authenticity’ or for specific political reasons. Finally, all our propositions and viewpoints are made within the framework of modern science in which objects of inquiry are removed from the context in which they had functioned and are analyzed in terms of western logic with categories and techniques that are imported from our own societies. The difference between embedded and non-embedded knowledge has long 1 Briefly, context may be defined as the recognition of the interactive nature of the archaeological record. It refers to the material remains of the past that are created, used, and deposited in a spatial, temporal, typological and functional relationship to other remains. The point here is that the recognition that (specific) context exists depends on the skills of researchers and on the theories they use. VII VII. ARCHAEO- LOGY, FOLKLORE AND THE RECOVERY OF PAST ASTRONOMIES 253
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ARCHAEOLOGIA BALTICA10 Astronomy an
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UDK 902/904 Ar 46 Volume 10 Editori
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Vytautas Tumėnas. The visual and t
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PREFACE Jonas VaiškūnaS Preface T
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LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS List of Contri
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List of Contributors Dimitar Kolev
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List of Contributors 16 Dainius Raz
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Second Parts can always be better!
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Conference Summary: A Historian’s
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THE MILKY WAY AND ITS STRUCTURING F
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THE MILKY WAY AND ITS STRUCTURING F
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CECILIA PAULA GÓMEZ Venus And The
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CECILIA PAULA GÓMEZ Venus And The
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Astronyms in Belarussian Folk Belie
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Traditional Astronomical Knowledge
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Traditional Astronomical Knowledge
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A Solar Calendar from Latvian Daina
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A Solar Calendar from Latvian Daina
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SAULĖS KALENDORIUS PAGAL LATVIŲ D
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Mesopotamian Influences on Persian
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THE BIRTHDAY OF ASAKKU ARKADIUSZ SO
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NOEMI MIRANDA, JUAN A. BELMONTE, MI
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Tracing the Celestial Deer - an Anc
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Tracing the Celestial Deer - an Anc
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The Visual and the Mythical- Poetic
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Some Peripheral Forms of the Medite
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Were the 185 A.D. and 369 A.D. “G
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Indigenous Astronomical Traditions
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A new attempt to date the Xia, Shan
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GÖRAN HENRIKSSON A new attempt to
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L’abbé Jean Lebeuf, (1687- 1760)
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Orientations at the Minoan Peak San
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Reading, Writing, and Recording the
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GIULIO MAGLI On the Origin of the R
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ANDREI PROKHOROV Images on the Ston
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Images on the Stones at Scebiaraky
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Images on the Stones at Scebiaraky
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Thracian Dolmens and their Orientat
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Antonio César González García, V
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Thracian Dolmens and their Orientat
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Cosmological Motifs of Peruvian Hua
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MARCELLO RANIERI A Geometrical Anal
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A Geometrical Analysis of Mesoameri
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An Archaeoastronomical Study of the
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Some Cosmological Aspects оf Catho
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