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CECILIA PAULA GÓMEZ Venus And The Star Woman BRAUNSTEIN, J., 1991. Figuras de Hilo de los mataco orientales y Lenguajes de Hilo. Hacia una Nueva Carta Étnica del Gran Chaco 4, 36-66, 109-117. BRAUNSTEIN, J., 1993. Las figuras de hilo del Gran Chaco II y Las figuras de hilo del Gran Chaco III. Hacia una Nueva Carta Étnica del Gran Chaco 6, 131-151 CALIFANO, M., 1974. El concepto de enfermedad y muerte entre los mataco costaneros. Scripta Ethnologica 2/2, 33- 73. DASSO, M. C., 1989. Las transformaciones del sol y las estrellas en la cosmovisión de los mataco (grupo tachóhnai). Scripta Ethnologica, Supplementa 9, 19-42. LEHMANN-NITSCHE, R., 1924. La Astronomía de los Matacos. Revista del Museo de La Plata 27, 253-265. LÉVI-STRAUSS, C., 1996. Lo crudo y lo cocido. México: Fondo de Cultura Económica. PALMER, J., 2005. La buena voluntad Wichí. Una espiritualidad indígena. Formosa y Salta: APCD, CECAZO, EPRAZOL, FUNDAPAZ, Tepeyac, Asociana. RYDÉN, S., 1934. South American String Figures. Gothia 2, 16-43. WILBERT, J., SIMONEAU, K., eds., 1982. Folk Literature of the Mataco Indians. Los Angeles: UCLA Latin American Center Publications. Received: 1 November 2007; Revised: 9 May 2008 VENERA IR ŽVAGŽDĖ-MOTERIS Cecilia Paula Gómez Santrauka Gran Čakų (Chaco) indėnų kultūroje aptinkame įdomių kosmologinių sampratų apie dangų. Šios etnoastronominės koncepcijos yra labai svarbios indėnų kultūros ir etninio identiteto supratimui. Vienos iš gausiausių Gran Čakų regiono genčių Vičų (Wichí) požiūriu, Žvaigždė- Moteris (kates lhukwetah) yra svarbiausias mitų, siejamų su Venera, personažas. Todėl Žvaigždės-Moters mitinį motyvą mes analizavome vičų genties kosmologijos kontekste. Kultūrinės prasmės, susijusios su vičų moters ir santykių tarp lyčių vaizdiniais, yra atsekamos pagal įvairius socialinius, simbolinius, dangiškuosius ir materialinius kontekstus. Pavyzdžiui, Žvaigždė gali būti laikoma troškimo, galios ir dviprasmiškumo objektu ir priešybių tarp skirtingų kosmologinių lygmenų ženklu. Čia esama aiškaus atitikmens tarp mito ir socialinio gyvenimo, kuriame moteris vaidina labai svarbų ekonominį vaidmenį. Mes išanalizavome ir nustatėme reikšmingus ryšius tarp dangiškosios būtybės (Veneros), kosmologinio personažo (Žvaigždės-Moters) ir moters socialinio gyvenimo (materialinės kultūros, virvelinių figūrų, vedybų, iniciacijos apeigų). 28 Vertė Algirdas Girininkas
ASTRONYMS IN BELARUSSIAN FOLK BELIEFS TSIMAFEI AVILIN Abstract This article presents some known Belarussian “astronyms” and related beliefs based on folkloric-ethnographic sources from the nineteenth and twentieth centuries together with material collected by the author and other researchers in the last decade. Key words: astronyms stars, folk astronomy, Belarussian folk-beliefs, ethnoastronomy, constellations. Introduction The study of “astronyms” – the names of celestial bodies (stars, constellations, planets, etc.) that can be seen with the naked eye – is an almost completely unresearched area of Belarussian onomastics. Some astronyms can be found in nineteenth- and twentieth-century Polish (K. Moszynski, M. Gladyszowa, M.Federowski et al.) and Belarussian (E. Romannov, A. Serzhputovski et al.) folkloric-ethnographic sources, but unfortunately they are few. However, Belarus is exceptional in that people in the villages have preserved their traditional knowledge about the stars, and related beliefs, right through to the present time. Some of the material presented in this article is original, having been collected by the author and various local historians during research expeditions between 2004 and 2007. These researchers used standard principles for collecting the “field” material during their expeditions, on the basis of a questionnaire 1 that was specially developed by the author for these purposes. Stars are usually called zorki, zory, zviozdy, or gviazdy (Matskevich 1979, p.439) (from gwiazda – a star in Polish). In addition to a widespread belief that stars were lights that were lit and attached to a solid sky by God (NM 2003, p.189) it was also said regarding their origin that “In old times there was always light and there lived a strong man who could do anything. People asked him if he could make darkness to cover the Sun. And he did cover the Sun. Everyone was frightened and started to light up lights which could be seen in the sky afterwards” (NM 2003, p.204). 1 It is planned in the near future to publish that the questionnaire that has been developed. The questionnaire is partly based on those of M. Rut and J. Vaiškūnas (J. Vaiškūnas 1998) but is the first to have been specially developed to record star knowledge in the Belarussian context. (In other Belarussian sources there are only one or two questions related to astronyms and folk-astronomy.) It should be mentioned that the ‘star’ astronym means both a single star and a constellation. Stars are human souls: there are as many stars as people on Earth (Pietkiewicz 1938, p.11) and every star has its own name. When a child is born God or an angel immediately lights up its star, which brings fortune, love and happiness. When a man dies they put its star out and then it falls. But there is an opposite belief that stars are the souls of deceased people. Stars also are the souls of unbaptised children shining from the sky for their parents. It is believed that stars are houses of angels. When stars are shining at night then it is said that angels have their windows open (NM 2003, p.197); alternatively, stars are candles lit by the angels every evening. The brightness of a star indicates the social status of a man (a bright star for a rich man, a dim one for a poor) or else his age and spiritual qualities (a bright star for a young and kind man, a dim one for children and old or evil men and sinners). Names of constellations and beliefs about them 1. Aries – a Ram (Nоsоvich 1870, p.15). 2. Auriga – a she-goat (Kaza) (Avilin 2007, p.48) (only α Aur). During the celebration of Koliad on December 24th and 25th the appearance of this star marked the time when people started to eat kut’ia 2 and (at a peak time in the celebrations) came out in the evening and walked carrying a pole with a star. 3. Böotes – a ploughman (Rataj) (Federowski 1897, p.150). 4. Capricorn – a wild goat (Kaziarog) (Kаtsаr 1996, p.195). It was believed that a symbol of Capricorn wo- 2 A traditional Slavic ceremonial meal made of cooked grains with honey, sugar and raisins. ARCHAEOLOGIA BALTICA 10 I ASTRONOMICAL AND COSMOLOGICAL KNOWLEDGE IN THE FOLK CULTURE 29
Page 1: ARCHAEOLOGIA BALTICA10 Astronomy an
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Page 6 and 7: Vytautas Tumėnas. The visual and t
Page 8 and 9: PREFACE Jonas VaiškūnaS Preface T
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Page 12 and 13: LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS List of Contri
Page 14 and 15: List of Contributors Dimitar Kolev
Page 16 and 17: List of Contributors 16 Dainius Raz
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Page 26 and 27: CECILIA PAULA GÓMEZ Venus And The
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Page 46 and 47: Mesopotamian Influences on Persian
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The Visual and the Mythical- Poetic
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VYTAUTAS TUMĖNAS The Visual and th
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Some Peripheral Forms of the Medite
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JONAS VAIŠKŪNAS Some Peripheral F
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Were the 185 A.D. and 369 A.D. “G
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Indigenous Astronomical Traditions
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A new attempt to date the Xia, Shan
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GÖRAN HENRIKSSON A new attempt to
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Eleventh-Century Supernovae: Anothe
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Eleventh-Century Supernovae: Anothe
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The Date of Purim and Calendars in
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L’abbé Jean Lebeuf, (1687- 1760)
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Orientations at the Minoan Peak San
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GREGORY E. MUNSON, BRYAN C. BATES,
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Reading, Writing, and Recording the
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Reading, Writing, and Recording the
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David W. Pankenier, Ciyuan Y. Liu,
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The Xiangfen, Taosi site: a Chinese
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On the Origin of the Roman Idea of
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GIULIO MAGLI On the Origin of the R
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On the Origin of the Roman Idea of
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The Nuraghic Well of Santa Cristina
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ARNOLD LEBEUF The Nuraghic Well of
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ANDREI PROKHOROV Images on the Ston
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Images on the Stones at Scebiaraky
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Images on the Stones at Scebiaraky
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Thracian Dolmens and their Orientat
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Antonio César González García, V
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Thracian Dolmens and their Orientat
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JOHN MCKIM MALVILLE, MICHAEL ZAWASK
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JOHN MCKIM MALVILLE, MICHAEL ZAWASK
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Cosmological Motifs of Peruvian Hua
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Cosmological Motifs of Peruvian Hua
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MARCELLO RANIERI A Geometrical Anal
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A Geometrical Analysis of Mesoameri
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LUCILLA LABIANCA, IDA SCIORTINO, SI
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An Archaeoastronomical Study of the
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Some Cosmological Aspects оf Catho
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RIMVYDAS LAUŽIKAS Some Cosmologica
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Fig. 1. Distribution of the graves
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Basatanya revisited: two periods of
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The Pythagorean Geometry of the Atr
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The Pythagorean Geometry of the Atr
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Measurement Systems for Mathematics
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Measurement Systems for Mathematics
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Integrating Archaeoastronomy with L
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LIONEL SIMS Integrating Archaeoastr
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Integrating Archaeoastronomy with L
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From Umm Al Qab to Biban Al Muluk:
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Juan Antonio Belmonte, Antonio Cés
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Juan Antonio Belmonte, Antonio Cés
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From Umm Al Qab to Biban Al Muluk:
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The Orientations of Central Alentej
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Cardinal and Lunisolar Alignments a
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Cardinal and Lunisolar Alignments a
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Searching for the Astronomy of Abor
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Alternative Archaeoastronomies - An
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Alternative Archaeoastronomies - An
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THE CASE STUDY OF THE BOORONG The C
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The Case Study of the Boorong JOHN
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The Case Study of the Boorong JOHN
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Nationalism and Politics in the Rec
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Nationalism and Politics in the Rec
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Cosmic Catastrophes and Cultural Di
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In Memoriam Izold’s interests wer
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Klaipėdos universiteto leidykla AR
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Plates 2 6 1 3 Plate II. Antonio C
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Plates 12 11 10 9 8 7 Plate IV. IV
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Plates 1 11 Plate VI. VI Antonio C
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Plates 2 3 Plate VIII. VIII Lucilla
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