BALTICA10

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Calendrical Deer, Time-Reckoning and Landscape in Iron- Age North-West Spain Antonio César González García, Marco V. García Quintela, Juan Antonio Belmote, ManUel Santos Estévez DE LA PEÑA SANTOS, A., REY GARCÍA, J. M., 2001. Petroglifos de Galicia. Perillo, Oleiros: Vía Láctea. DE LA PEÑA SANTOS, A., VÁZQUEZ VÁRELA, J. M., 1999. Los Petroglifos Gallegos. Grabados rupestres prehistóricos al aire libre en Gali cia. Sada: Castro. FREDELL, ASA, 2006. Solhjorten’ fanns den?: fallsrudium av ett galiciskt bildtema och dess relationer till identiteit. In : R. BARNDON, S. M. INNSELET, K. K. KRISTOF- FERSEN AND T. K. LØDØEN, eds. Samfunn, sym-boler og identiteit - Festskrift til Gro Mandt på 70-årsdagen. UBAS Nosdisk, 3, 121-133. GARRIDO PENA, R., MUÑOZ LOPEZ-ASTILLEROS, K., 2000. Visiones Sagradas para los Líderes. Cerémicas campaniformes con decoración sim bólica en la Península Ibérica, Complutum, 11, 285-300. KRISTIANSEN, K., LARSSON, T.B., 2006. La Emergencia de la Sociedad del Bronce. Viajes, transmisiones y transformaciones. Barcelona: Bellaterra. SANTOS ESTÉVEZ, M., 2003. Arte Rupestre y Recintos Rituales en la Edad del Hierro. In: M. Castiñeiras, F. Diez, eds. Profano y Pagano en el Arte Gallego, USC. Santiago. 39-94. SANTOS ESTÉVEZ, M., 2008. Petroglifos y Paisaje Social en la Prehis toria Reciente del Noroeste de la Península Ibérica. Santiago: CSIC. Received: 26 October 2007; Revised: 6 Jun 2008 KALENDORINIS ELNIAS, LAIKO SKAIČIAVIMAS IR GELEŽIES AMŽIAUS KRAŠTOVAIZDIS ŠIAURĖS VAKARŲ ISPANIJOJE Antonio César González García, Marco V. García Quintela, Juan Antonio Belmonte, Manuel Santos Estévez Santrauka Ryšys tarp petroglifų ir archeoastronomijos praeityje buvo interpretuojamas įvairiai. Šiame straipsnyje nagrinėjamas konkretus motyvas, aptinkamas tarp uolų raižinių, esančių šiaurės vakarinėje Iberijos pusiasalio dalyje, vaizduojantis stambų elnią su didžiuliais ragais ir nenatūraliu kiekiu šakų ant kiekvieno rago. Autoriai pateikia galimą šio motyvo interpretaciją, remdamiesi tarpdalykiniu metodu, apimančiu kraštovaizdžio archeologiją, lyginamąją istorinę religiją ir archeoastronomiją. Tai leidžia nagrinėjamame vaizdinyje atskleisti savotišką kalendorinių motyvų sąsajų su kraštovaizdžio dariniais ir Saulės-Mėnulio reiškiniais sampyną. Autorių išvados gali būti svarbios keltų pasaulėžiūros, jos meninės išraiškos bei laiko ir kraštovaizdžio sąryšio studijų kontekste. 70 Vertė Algirdas Girininkas, Jonas Vaiškūnas
The Mythological Moon Horse as Reflected in Baltic Archaeology, Folklore and Linguistics DAINIUS RAZAUSKAS, VYKINTAS VAITKEVIČIUS Abstract In this article we discuss the phenomenon of crescent-shaped pendants dating back to the Late Roman Iron Age and Early Migration Period (3rd – 6th centuries AD). Placed on horse’s foreheads, these crescent-shaped pendants evidently embodied a mythological link between the moon and the horse. The same link is clearly reflected in linguistic data and folklore right up until the 20th century. We draw special attention to a horse with a white mark on its forehead called laukas (adj.), laukis (noun) in Lithuanian, which derives from the I-E root *louk- ‘shining, bright’, as also does the Latin luna (< *louksnā). Considering the data as a whole, we propose an unexpected link between the Baltic and Roman traditions. Keywords: the Moon, horse, crescent-shaped pendants, Roman Iron Age. ARCHAEOLOGIA BALTICA 10 The moon has been a prolific symbol around the Baltic since prehistoric times. Crescent-shaped Neolithic amber figurines, bronze pendants dating to the Roman Iron Age, and silver jewelry with impressed ornamentation represent some of the wide variety of visual symbols of the moon found in prehistoric times. Christian iconography in a rich variety of forms (drawings, frescos, figurines, etc.) certainly follows the same tradition. In the late 19th and 20th centuries the moon symbol was still popular in decorations on various handmade objects in everyday use – especially in the countryside. The role of the moon and its relation to the sun in Baltic mythology and religion has been discussed by several authors (cf. Tsivian 1988; Greimas 1990, pp. 171ff; Vaiškūnas 1992; Klimka 1999; Vaitkevičienė 2001, pp. 130ff; Vaiškūnas 2006). The great importance of the moon in the past as well as in modern culture is also indicated by the large number of prayers to the New Moon recorded during the 20th century (see Balys 1951, pp. 17ff). This article presents some detailed and complex evidence relating to the mythological Moon Horse among the Balts. Some archaeological, folkloric and linguistic data are selected and discussed. Crescent-shaped pendants and other horse harness fittings Well known in Baltic prehistory, symbols of the moon became especially abundant in the Roman Iron Age (1st to 4th centuries AD). During this period, crescent-shaped pendants of different forms and patterns of manufacture were often attached to fibulas, neckrings, pins, headbands, temple ornaments, and horse harnesses. Necklaces consisting of sets of crescentshaped pendants as well as spirals, glass, and metal beads, were also prevalent. It was only recently that a number of crescent-shaped pendants with small knobs were examined (Simniškytė 2002). Over 400 pendants of this type were recorded in 70 find spots covering an area from the lower Nemunas in the south to the southwestern coasts of Finland in the north. In the late 2nd century, crescent-shaped pendants with knobs spread into the Curonian Spit. In the 3rd and 4th centuries, communities living further to the east and north took over their manufacture. Such pendants were widely used as ornaments by women but rarely by children or men (according to the data obtained from burials). On this occasion we will focus mainly on crescentshaped pendants (originally lunulae) that were attached to horse harnesses. This custom was prevalent among Roman cavalrymen as well as in Barbaricum in north and north-east Europe. However, the use of crescent-shaped pendants as harness pendants might have been restricted in the cavalry, used perhaps as a kind of dona militaria or award for courage. Roman crescent-shaped pendants of different sizes (usually from 2 to 8 cm in width) were attached to different places on the harness. In this way pendants were used to decorate different parts of the horse’s body, such as its head (smaller items) or sides (larger ones). From the late 2nd century onwards, particular harness plates III III. ASTRO- NOMICAL AND ETHNOCOSMO- LOGICAL INTERPRETA- TION OF AR- CHAEOLOGICAL AND ETHNO- LOGICAL ARTEFACTS 71
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ARCHAEOLOGIA BALTICA10 Astronomy an
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UDK 902/904 Ar 46 Volume 10 Editori
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Vytautas Tumėnas. The visual and t
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PREFACE Jonas VaiškūnaS Preface T
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Jonas VaiškūnaS Preface cists, ma
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LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS List of Contri
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List of Contributors Dimitar Kolev
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List of Contributors 16 Dainius Raz
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Second Parts can always be better!
Page 20 and 21: Conference Summary: A Historian’s
Page 22 and 23: THE MILKY WAY AND ITS STRUCTURING F
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Page 26 and 27: CECILIA PAULA GÓMEZ Venus And The
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Page 30 and 31: Astronyms in Belarussian Folk Belie
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L’abbé Jean Lebeuf, (1687- 1760)
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Orientations at the Minoan Peak San
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GREGORY E. MUNSON, BRYAN C. BATES,
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Reading, Writing, and Recording the
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Reading, Writing, and Recording the
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David W. Pankenier, Ciyuan Y. Liu,
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The Xiangfen, Taosi site: a Chinese
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On the Origin of the Roman Idea of
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GIULIO MAGLI On the Origin of the R
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On the Origin of the Roman Idea of
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The Nuraghic Well of Santa Cristina
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ARNOLD LEBEUF The Nuraghic Well of
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ANDREI PROKHOROV Images on the Ston
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Images on the Stones at Scebiaraky
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Images on the Stones at Scebiaraky
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Thracian Dolmens and their Orientat
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Antonio César González García, V
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Thracian Dolmens and their Orientat
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JOHN MCKIM MALVILLE, MICHAEL ZAWASK
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JOHN MCKIM MALVILLE, MICHAEL ZAWASK
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Cosmological Motifs of Peruvian Hua
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Cosmological Motifs of Peruvian Hua
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MARCELLO RANIERI A Geometrical Anal
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A Geometrical Analysis of Mesoameri
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LUCILLA LABIANCA, IDA SCIORTINO, SI
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An Archaeoastronomical Study of the
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Some Cosmological Aspects оf Catho
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RIMVYDAS LAUŽIKAS Some Cosmologica
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Fig. 1. Distribution of the graves
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Basatanya revisited: two periods of
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The Pythagorean Geometry of the Atr
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The Pythagorean Geometry of the Atr
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Measurement Systems for Mathematics
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Measurement Systems for Mathematics
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Integrating Archaeoastronomy with L
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LIONEL SIMS Integrating Archaeoastr
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Integrating Archaeoastronomy with L
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From Umm Al Qab to Biban Al Muluk:
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Juan Antonio Belmonte, Antonio Cés
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Juan Antonio Belmonte, Antonio Cés
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From Umm Al Qab to Biban Al Muluk:
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The Orientations of Central Alentej
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Cardinal and Lunisolar Alignments a
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Cardinal and Lunisolar Alignments a
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Searching for the Astronomy of Abor
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Alternative Archaeoastronomies - An
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Alternative Archaeoastronomies - An
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THE CASE STUDY OF THE BOORONG The C
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The Case Study of the Boorong JOHN
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The Case Study of the Boorong JOHN
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Nationalism and Politics in the Rec
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Nationalism and Politics in the Rec
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Cosmic Catastrophes and Cultural Di
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In Memoriam Izold’s interests wer
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Klaipėdos universiteto leidykla AR
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Plates 2 6 1 3 Plate II. Antonio C
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Plates 12 11 10 9 8 7 Plate IV. IV
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Plates 1 11 Plate VI. VI Antonio C
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Plates 2 3 Plate VIII. VIII Lucilla
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