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Traditional Astronomical Knowledge in the World-View of Belarusians in 1994–2005 DZMITRY KANAPLIANIKAU 38 PEAK – Dz. Kanaplianikau’s personal ethnological archive. References AGGKA. Sshytak № 2/1998 “Stolinski raen – 1998”. AIMEF 116. Fond № 6. – sprava № 14. – Adzinka zakhavannia № 116. AIMEF 118. Fond № 6. – sprava № 14. – Adzinka zakhavannia № 118. AIMEF 121. Fond № 6. – sprava № 14. – Adzinka zakhavannia № 121. AIMEF 125. Fond № 6. – sprava № 14. – Adzinka zakhavannia № 125. AIMEF 128. Fond № 6. – sprava № 14. – Adzinka zakhavannia № 128. AIMEF 129. Fond № 6. – sprava № 14. – Adzinka zakhavannia № 129. ARASHONKAVA, G.,U., BIRYLA, M.,V., IASHKIN, I.,IA., 1996. Leksichny atlas belaruskikh narodnykh gavorak: u 5 t. Tom. 3: Chalavek. Minsk: Fond fundamental’nykh dasledavanniaŭ Respubliki Belarus’, Kamitet geadezii pry Savetse Ministraŭ Respubliki Belarus’. BARTASHEVICH, G., A., 1992. Zamovy. Minsk: Navuka i tekhnika. CZURAK, M., GOLACHOWSKA, E., PASTUSIAK, F., 2002. Atlas gwar wschodniosłowiańskich Białostocczyzny. Tom. VIII. Leksyka 4. Warszawa: Slawistyczny Ośrodek Wydawniczy pry Instytucie Slawistyki Polskiej Akademii Nauk. GAIDUK, M. 1997. Pesni Belastochchyny. Minsk: Belaruskaia navuka. GURSKI, A., I., 2003. Zemliarobchy kaliandar: Abrady i zvychai. Minsk: Belaruskaia navuka. KANAPLIANIKAU, DZ.,G., 2005. Madel’ sistemy tradytsyinaga svetagliadu belarusaŭ kantsa XX – pachatku XXI st. In: Nemateryial’naia kul’turnaia spadchyna slavianskikh narodaŭ: prablemy zbirannia, zakhavannia, perspektyvy kompleksnaga vyvuchennia. 3–4 liutaga 2005 Minsk. Traditional worldview: Blog. Available from: http://traditionalworldview.blogspot.com [Accessed 04 December 2008]. MATSKEVICH, IU., F., GRYNAVETSKENE, A., I., GLUS- HKOWSKA, IA., 1984. Slownik belaruskikh gavorak pawnochna-zakhodniai Belarusi i iae pagranichcha: u 5 tamakh. Tom. 4. P–S. Minsk: Navuka i tekhnika. NOVIKAVA, S., ZHYBUL, A., 1998. Acts of Mathematics with Hierarchical Haze. In: I. DUMITRACHE, F. KILE, P. KOPACEK, eds. Supplemental Ways for Improving International Stability, 1998 (Swiis’98) : A Proceedings Volume from the Ifac Conference, 14-16 May 1998, Sinaia, Romania. United States: Elsevier Science & Technology Books, 57–62. PEAK 1. Fond K. – Adzinka zakhavannia № 1. PEAK 3. Fond K. – Adzinka zakhavannia № 3. PIATKEVICH, CH. 2004. Rechytskae Palesse. Minsk: Belarusi knigazbor. SERZHPUTOWSKI, A. K. 1998. Prymkhi i zababony belarusaŭ-paleshukoŭ. 2nd ed. Minsk: Universitetskae. TSVIRKA, K., A., 1978. Viaselle: Abrad. Minsk: Navuka i tekhnika. VALENTSOVA, M., M., 2001. Astronomiia. Meteorologiia. Vremia. In: O.V. BELOVA, E. E. LEVKIEVSKAIA, A.A. PLOTNIKOVA, S.M. TOLSTAIA, eds. Vostochnoslavianskii etnolingvisticheskii sbornik: Issledovaniia i materialy. Moskva: INDRIK, 355-378. VASILEVICH, U., 1996. Belaruskiia narodnyia prykmety i paver”i. – Kniga. 1 : Ziamlia staits’ pasiarod svetu. Minsk: Mastatskaia litaratura. VASILEVICH, U., 1998. Belaruskiia narodnyia prykmety i paver”i. – Kniga. 2 : Zhytstsia advechny lad. Minsk: Mastatskaia litaratura. Received: 16 October 2007; Revised: 25 November 2008 TRADICINĖS ASTRONOMIJOS ŽINIOS BALTARUSIŲ PASAULĖŽIŪROJE 1994–2005 METAIS Dzmitry Kanaplianikau Santrauka Taikydamas sisteminės analizės metodą autorius bando sukurti tradicinės baltarusių pasaulėžiūros modelį. Pasitelkiant įvairias technologijas (tiesioginį informatoriaus žodžių aiškinimą, netiesioginį semantinį tyrimą, klasifikacijos, mentalinių žemėlapių metodą) bandoma atskleisti pateikėjų supratimą apie pasaulį. Pateikėjų žinių tradiciškumas nustatomas lyginant pastaruoju metu surinktas žinias su užrašytomis ankstesniais laikotarpiais. Konstatuojama, kad tradicinės astronominės žinios iki šiol daro įtaką ne tik žmonių orientacijai erdvėje ir naudojimusi gamtiniais ištekliais, bet ir socialiniams santykiams, įskaitant kalendorinių, šeimos, medicininių ir kitų ritualų organizavimą. Tačiau šios žinios jau yra ant išnykimo ribos, todėl būtina jas kuo skubiau fiksuoti ir pagal galimybes stengtis apsaugoti nuo išnykimo ir užmaršties. Vertė Algirdas Girininkas, JonasVaiškūnas
A SOLAR CALENDAR FROM LATVIAN DAINAS 1 IRENA PUNDURE Abstract As ancient Latvians were engaged mainly in growing crops, they used the Solar Year as the basis for their time-reckoning system. Latvian Dainas (LDs) contain clear evidence that the four main seasonal festivals, recognized as the Annual Festivals (Gadskārtas svinības), correspond to the astronomical solstices and equinoxes: Winter Solstice – Ziemassvētki (Winter Festival), Vernal Equinox – Lieldienas (Big Day), Summer Solstice – Jāņi, Autumnal Equinox – Miķeļi, Apjumības (Harvesting festival). The four ecliptic points provided recognizable clues that could be observed in nature, thus laying the foundation for the division of the year into smaller units – laiks (time), the proper names of which were formed by adding a seasonal characteristic to the term laiks (see figure), e.g. Ziemas laiks (Winter-time), Siena laiks (Hay-time), etc. and savaite – a nine-day long period. By dividing the year in this manner, the ancient Latvian time-reckoning system established a Perpetual Calendar where a particular day of the savaite and the date it represented remained constant and unchanged. In the reconstruction of the ancient Latvian Calendar, the Summer Solstice is most useful because it coincides with the Summer Festival personified by Jānis (pl. Jāņi) – Dievadēls (Son of God) that is celebrated for one day only when the night is the shortest in the year. The Latvian festivals, which formed an integral part of the ancient time-reckoning system, are still known by their original names (Grīns, Grīna 1992). Key words: Latvian Dainas, annual (seasonal) festivals, Perpetual Calendar. ARCHAEOLOGIA BALTICA 10 I ASTRONOMICAL AND COSMOLOGICAL KNOWLEDGE IN THE FOLK CULTURE Introduction The collection of Latvian folklore that began mainly in the second half of the 19th century, the period of national awakening in Europe, reveals a multi-faceted cultural heritage. It represents a rich source of information about ancient customs and religion as well as way of life, including the time-reckoning system. Through the ages until the 19th century, folk-songs were passed from generation to generation by oral transmission, and as a result some of the information contained in them has remained unchanged and can be traced back to the Stone Age. Latvian folk poetry and songs can be compared to the Vedas of India (Grīns, Grīna 1992). Thanks to the lifelong efforts of Krišjānis Barons (1835–1923), some 300 000 folk-song texts were assembled and classified, and thus rescued from oblivion as they faded from people’s memory. Because of his work as a folklorist, and especially his systematization of the folk-songs and his work in preparing the folk-song texts for publication in eight thick volumes “Latvju Dainas” (1894-1915), Barons is known as the “Father of Dainas” (Dainu tēvs). For the purpose of organizing thousands of hand-written paper slips containing folk-song texts, he used the so-called Dainu skapis (Cabinet of Folksongs), which was built in 1880 from his own drawing in Moscow, where Barons and his family lived at that time. This “treasure chest” served him as a working tool. In 1893, the Dainu skapis with approximately 150 000 items in it at that moment was brought to Latvia, and now it is a widely acknowledged cultural symbol. From 1856 to 1860, Barons studied mathematics and astronomy at the Imperial University of Dorpat (Kaiserliche Universität zu Dorpat) (Arājs 1985), now Tartu. At the time it was one of the largest centres of higher education and science in Russia, promoting the successful development of the LD classification system. Barons’ life is even commemorated in celestial objects, e.g. asteroid No 3233 (discovered in 1977 by N.Chernykh at the Crimean Astrophysical Observatory): this is named after the father of dainas – Krisbarons (Laucenieks 1997). On 4 September 2001, the Cabinet of Folksongs, a part of the Archives of Latvian Folklore, was included as documentary heritage in the UNESCO Memory of the 1 Dainas (sing. daina in Latvian and daina in Lithuanian) are folk-songs. S.K.Chatterji (1890-1977) considers that this word is related to dhēnā in the Vedas meaning speech, voice, words, song of praise, song and to daēnā in the ancient Iran’s Avesta meaning human’s inner substance, teaching, revelation (Arājs 1985). 39
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Page 8 and 9: PREFACE Jonas VaiškūnaS Preface T
Page 10 and 11: Jonas VaiškūnaS Preface cists, ma
Page 12 and 13: LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS List of Contri
Page 14 and 15: List of Contributors Dimitar Kolev
Page 16 and 17: List of Contributors 16 Dainius Raz
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Page 20 and 21: Conference Summary: A Historian’s
Page 22 and 23: THE MILKY WAY AND ITS STRUCTURING F
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Page 26 and 27: CECILIA PAULA GÓMEZ Venus And The
Page 28 and 29: CECILIA PAULA GÓMEZ Venus And The
Page 30 and 31: Astronyms in Belarussian Folk Belie
Page 36 and 37: Traditional Astronomical Knowledge
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Page 42 and 43: A Solar Calendar from Latvian Daina
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Page 46 and 47: Mesopotamian Influences on Persian
Page 52 and 53: THE BIRTHDAY OF ASAKKU ARKADIUSZ SO
Page 54 and 55: ARKADIUSZ SOŁTYSIAK The Birthday o
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Page 58 and 59: NOEMI MIRANDA, JUAN A. BELMONTE, MI
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Page 62 and 63: Tracing the Celestial Deer - an Anc
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Page 72 and 73: The Mythological Moon Horse as Refl
Page 78 and 79: The Visual and the Mythical- Poetic
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JONAS VAIŠKŪNAS Some Peripheral F
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Some Peripheral Forms of the Medite
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Some Peripheral Forms of the Medite
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Were the 185 A.D. and 369 A.D. “G
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Indigenous Astronomical Traditions
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A new attempt to date the Xia, Shan
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GÖRAN HENRIKSSON A new attempt to
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Eleventh-Century Supernovae: Anothe
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Eleventh-Century Supernovae: Anothe
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The Date of Purim and Calendars in
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L’abbé Jean Lebeuf, (1687- 1760)
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Orientations at the Minoan Peak San
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GREGORY E. MUNSON, BRYAN C. BATES,
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Reading, Writing, and Recording the
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Reading, Writing, and Recording the
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David W. Pankenier, Ciyuan Y. Liu,
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The Xiangfen, Taosi site: a Chinese
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On the Origin of the Roman Idea of
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GIULIO MAGLI On the Origin of the R
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On the Origin of the Roman Idea of
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The Nuraghic Well of Santa Cristina
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ARNOLD LEBEUF The Nuraghic Well of
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ANDREI PROKHOROV Images on the Ston
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Images on the Stones at Scebiaraky
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Images on the Stones at Scebiaraky
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Thracian Dolmens and their Orientat
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Antonio César González García, V
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Thracian Dolmens and their Orientat
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JOHN MCKIM MALVILLE, MICHAEL ZAWASK
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JOHN MCKIM MALVILLE, MICHAEL ZAWASK
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Cosmological Motifs of Peruvian Hua
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Cosmological Motifs of Peruvian Hua
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MARCELLO RANIERI A Geometrical Anal
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A Geometrical Analysis of Mesoameri
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LUCILLA LABIANCA, IDA SCIORTINO, SI
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An Archaeoastronomical Study of the
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Some Cosmological Aspects оf Catho
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RIMVYDAS LAUŽIKAS Some Cosmologica
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Fig. 1. Distribution of the graves
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Basatanya revisited: two periods of
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The Pythagorean Geometry of the Atr
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The Pythagorean Geometry of the Atr
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Measurement Systems for Mathematics
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Measurement Systems for Mathematics
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Integrating Archaeoastronomy with L
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LIONEL SIMS Integrating Archaeoastr
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Integrating Archaeoastronomy with L
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From Umm Al Qab to Biban Al Muluk:
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Juan Antonio Belmonte, Antonio Cés
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Juan Antonio Belmonte, Antonio Cés
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From Umm Al Qab to Biban Al Muluk:
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The Orientations of Central Alentej
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Cardinal and Lunisolar Alignments a
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Cardinal and Lunisolar Alignments a
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Searching for the Astronomy of Abor
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Alternative Archaeoastronomies - An
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Alternative Archaeoastronomies - An
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THE CASE STUDY OF THE BOORONG The C
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The Case Study of the Boorong JOHN
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The Case Study of the Boorong JOHN
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Nationalism and Politics in the Rec
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Nationalism and Politics in the Rec
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Cosmic Catastrophes and Cultural Di
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In Memoriam Izold’s interests wer
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Klaipėdos universiteto leidykla AR
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Plates 2 6 1 3 Plate II. Antonio C
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Plates 12 11 10 9 8 7 Plate IV. IV
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Plates 1 11 Plate VI. VI Antonio C
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Plates 2 3 Plate VIII. VIII Lucilla
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