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The Case Study of the Boorong JOHN MORIESON Astronomy (Aboriginal) HAYNES, R. D., 1992. Aboriginal Astronomy. Australian Journal of Astronomy, 4 (3), 127-140. MORIESON, J., 2006. From Archeo to Ethno – An Indigenous Australian Astronomy: The Story of Action Research into Boorong Astronomy since 1995. In: T. BOSTWICK and B. BATES, eds. Viewing the Sky Through Past and Present Cultures. Oxford VII Selected Papers, Pueblo Grande Museum Anthropological Papers, 15, 139-148. Can also be viewed on www.bdas.50webs.com MORIESON, J., 2003. The Astronomy of the Boorong. Paper delivered to World Archaeological Congress (WAC5), Archaeoastronomy of the Old World and Oceania. Washington D.C. MORIESON, J., 2003. Solar Based Lithic Design. Paper delivered to World Archaeological Congress (WAC5), Archaeoastronomy of the Old World and Oceania. Washington D.C. Zoology PIZZEY, G., 1966. Animals and Birds in Australia. Melbourne: Cassell Australia. STRAHAN, R., ed., 1983. The Australian Museum Complete Book of Australian Mammals. Melbourne: Angus and Robertson. Received: 1 November 2007; Revised: 4 September 2008 BŪRUNGŲ SOCIALINIAI TYRIMAI John Morieson 262 Astronomy (Western) and History of Astronomy KRONK, G. W., 1988. Meteor Showers: A Descriptive Catalogue. Hillside, NJ: Enslow Pub Inc. RIDPATH, I. and TIRION, W., 1988. Collins Guide to Stars and Planets. London: Collins. ALLEN, R.H., 1963. Star Names, Their Lore and Meaning. New York: Dover. Ethnology/Ethnography MATTHEWS, R. H., 1904. Ethnological Notes on the Aboriginal Tribes of New South Wales and Victoria. Royal Society of NSW, 1, 203-381. STANBRIDGE, W. E., 1857. On the astronomy and Mythology of the Aborigines of Victoria. Proceedings of the Philosophical Institute. Melbourne. Geography BLAKE, L., 1977. Place Names of Victoria. Adelaide: Rigby Limited. CLARK, I. D., 1990. Aboriginal Languages and Clans. Geography, 37. Melbourne: Monash University, 1800 – 1900. Human Physiology TAYLOR, H. R., 1981. Racial Variations in Vision. American Journal of Epidemiology, 113(1), 62-80. Linguistics BROUGH SMYTH, R., 1898. The Aborigines of Victoria. Vols 1, 2. John Curry O’Neill. HERCUS, L., 1969. The Language of Victoria: A Late Survey. Canberra: Australian National University. STONE, A. C., 1911. The Aborigines of Lake Boga, Victoria. Royal Society of Victoria, 23(2), 433-469. Ornithology BERULDSEN, G., 1980. A Field Guide to Nest and Eggs of Australian Birds. Adelaide: Rigby. FRITH, H. J., 1962. The Malleefowl. Melbourne: Angus and Robertson. Sociology HARRIS, S., 1977. Millingimbi Aboriginal Learning Contexts. PhD dissertation, New Mexico University. ONG, W. J., 1982. Orality and Literacy: The Technologizing of the Word. London: Methuen. Santrauka Būrungai (Boorong) – Australijos aborigenų gentis – gyvenusi dar prieš 150 metų. Šiandien būrungų nebėra, ir jų kosmologijai rekonstruoti būtinas XIX a. gamtos filosofo akiratis, įskaitant zoologiją, botaniką, lingvistiką, etnografiją, geografiją bei antropologiją, ir kantrus ilgalaikis stebėjimas. Tai jaudinantis ir įkvepiantis uždavinys: pamažu atskleisti šios Australijos aborigenų genties, kurios žmones kaimyninės gentys apibūdino kaip geriausius regiono astronomus, pasakojimus. Didžiausia Australijos tyrinėtojo atsakomybė – siekti sugrąžinti šias, geriausiu atveju interpretacines, žinias būrungų palikuonims. Būrungai, kaip ir kiti Australijos aborigenai, įsibrovus europiečiams, patyrė didžiulius socialinius sukrėtimus, ligas ir išmirė. Jų palikuonys tikrai egzistuoja ir kartu su australais stebisi bei gėrisi iš naujo atrandama šios genties astronomija. Vertė Jurgita Žukauskaitė
NATIONALISM AND POLITICS IN THE RECOVERY OF PAST ASTRONOMIES STEPHEN C. MCCLUSKEY Abstract Since its origins, archaeoastronomy has been influenced by nationalist traditions in archaeology. This paper addresses the consequences of these political influences, considering several important questions: To what extent is this quest for past astronomies influenced by nationalist political agendas? How should those of us studying past astronomies respond to these external pressures? To what extent is comparatively recent ethnographic and folkloric evidence suitable for the recovery of past astronomies? The author considers that awareness of these influences and limitations is essential for any scholarly attempt to recover past astronomies. Key words: nationalism, colonialism, imperialism, cultural identity, historiography, folklore, ethnography, romanticism, tourism, cultural revival. ARCHAEOLOGIA BALTICA 10 Introduction As the Conference Announcement says: “The purpose of the round table discussion is to propose a critical examination of the value and limitations of astronomical and cosmological traditions found in folklore, archaeology, and the historical records used sometimes as evidence for national or cultural identity. How (or whether) we can reconstruct past astronomical practices and cosmological knowledge from the limited evidence we have at hand? Our goal is to frame the problem and prepare further discussions.” I would like to address the aspect of this topic dealing with the possible influences of local, regional, or national agendas on the integrity of our work. I was drawn to this idea as I became concerned about the faint scent of nationalist agendas in some of the presentations that I’d seen of late, both at conferences and in submissions to the journal, Archaeoastronomy. I kept recalling Olaf Pedersen’s comments (1982, p.269) on the history of archaeoastronomy at Oxford I, where he noted how archaeoastronomy was discredited for decades by its association with the nationalist search for the ancient German origins of astronomy. He closed his critique with the comment that “today ‘archaeoastronomy’ does not have any mythical function – or does it?” Since archaeoastronomers have, in the last forty years, been fully conscious of the epistemological ambiguities of our reconstructions of past astronomies and our attempts to place those astronomies in their cultural contexts, we must also be sensitive to the various pressures in our modern contexts which may push us to create popular illusions. Pedersen’s questioning of archaeoastronomy’s role in the creation of national mythology invites a critical examination of the value and limitations of folklore, archaeology, and the historical record as evidence for a nation’s astronomical traditions. Several traditions of historical, archaeological, and anthropological criticism can contribute to this discussion. Critiques of Nationalist Scholarship One of the most strident historiographical critiques of the myth of the nation in history is that of the American medievalist, Patrick Geary. He presented the influence of nationalism upon history – and for that matter, the contributions of historians to nationalism – as both an absolute evil and as an ethical challenge to historians (2002, p.15): [I]t has turned our understanding of the past into a toxic waste dump, filled with the poison of ethnic nationalism, and the poison has seeped deep into popular consciousness. Cleaning up this waste is the most daunting challenge facing historians today. The British historian, Eric Hobsbawm, pointed out the logical connection between historical practice and the spread of nationalist ideologies in an invited plenary address to the American Anthropological Association (1992, p.3): For historians are to nationalism what poppy-growers in Pakistan are to heroin-addicts: we supply the essential raw material for the market… What makes a nation is the past, what justifies one nation against others is the past, and historians are the people who produce it. VII VII. ARCHAEO- LOGY, FOLKLORE AND THE RECOVERY OF PAST ASTRONOMIES 263
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ARCHAEOLOGIA BALTICA10 Astronomy an
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UDK 902/904 Ar 46 Volume 10 Editori
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Vytautas Tumėnas. The visual and t
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PREFACE Jonas VaiškūnaS Preface T
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LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS List of Contri
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List of Contributors Dimitar Kolev
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List of Contributors 16 Dainius Raz
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Second Parts can always be better!
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Conference Summary: A Historian’s
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THE MILKY WAY AND ITS STRUCTURING F
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THE MILKY WAY AND ITS STRUCTURING F
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CECILIA PAULA GÓMEZ Venus And The
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CECILIA PAULA GÓMEZ Venus And The
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Astronyms in Belarussian Folk Belie
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Traditional Astronomical Knowledge
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Traditional Astronomical Knowledge
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A Solar Calendar from Latvian Daina
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A Solar Calendar from Latvian Daina
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SAULĖS KALENDORIUS PAGAL LATVIŲ D
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Mesopotamian Influences on Persian
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THE BIRTHDAY OF ASAKKU ARKADIUSZ SO
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ARKADIUSZ SOŁTYSIAK The Birthday o
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ARKADIUSZ SOŁTYSIAK The Birthday o
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NOEMI MIRANDA, JUAN A. BELMONTE, MI
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NOEMI MIRANDA, JUAN A. BELMONTE, MI
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Tracing the Celestial Deer - an Anc
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Tracing the Celestial Deer - an Anc
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Calendrical Deer, Time-Reckoning an
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The Mythological Moon Horse as Refl
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The Visual and the Mythical- Poetic
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VYTAUTAS TUMĖNAS The Visual and th
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Some Peripheral Forms of the Medite
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Were the 185 A.D. and 369 A.D. “G
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Indigenous Astronomical Traditions
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A new attempt to date the Xia, Shan
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GÖRAN HENRIKSSON A new attempt to
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Eleventh-Century Supernovae: Anothe
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The Date of Purim and Calendars in
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L’abbé Jean Lebeuf, (1687- 1760)
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Orientations at the Minoan Peak San
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Reading, Writing, and Recording the
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Reading, Writing, and Recording the
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David W. Pankenier, Ciyuan Y. Liu,
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The Xiangfen, Taosi site: a Chinese
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On the Origin of the Roman Idea of
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GIULIO MAGLI On the Origin of the R
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The Nuraghic Well of Santa Cristina
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ARNOLD LEBEUF The Nuraghic Well of
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ANDREI PROKHOROV Images on the Ston
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Images on the Stones at Scebiaraky
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Images on the Stones at Scebiaraky
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Thracian Dolmens and their Orientat
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Antonio César González García, V
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Thracian Dolmens and their Orientat
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JOHN MCKIM MALVILLE, MICHAEL ZAWASK
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JOHN MCKIM MALVILLE, MICHAEL ZAWASK
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Cosmological Motifs of Peruvian Hua
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Cosmological Motifs of Peruvian Hua
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MARCELLO RANIERI A Geometrical Anal
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A Geometrical Analysis of Mesoameri
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LUCILLA LABIANCA, IDA SCIORTINO, SI
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An Archaeoastronomical Study of the
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Some Cosmological Aspects оf Catho
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RIMVYDAS LAUŽIKAS Some Cosmologica
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Basatanya revisited: two periods of
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