BALTICA10

More documents

Recommendations

Info

Nationalism and Politics in the Recovery of Past Astronomies STEPHEN C. MCCLUSKEY 266 we previously, and fruitfully, applied to the work of Alexander Thom. Now we can also look at the various political, economic, or national agendas that led people to record folklore and archaeological remains in the course of the last centuries as a way to recover and restore the lost past of a nation or a culture. We now see indigenous peoples striving to wrest control of their own histories from academic archaeologists and anthropologists in order to present their culture in a more favorable light. In this context, we must ask: to what extent do these local concerns to promote peoples or regions threaten to bias our work and how can we take advantage of them without compromising our academic rigor? References ALDANA, G., 2007. The Apotheosis of Janaab’ Pakal: Science, History, and Religion at Classic Maya Palenque. Boulder, CO: University Press of Colorado. ANDERSON, B., 1991. Imagined Communities: Reflections on the Origin and Spread of Nationalism. 2nd. ed. London: Verso. FLORESCANO, E., 2000. The Creation of the Museo Nacional de Antropología of Mexico and its scientific, educational, and political purposes. In: J. HUTCHINSON and A.D. SMITH, ed. Nationalism: Critical Concepts in Political Science, vol. IV. London: Routledge. FORDE, C. D., 1931. Hopi Agriculture and Land Ownership. The Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland, 61, 357-405. FOWLER, DON D., 1987. Uses of the Past: Archaeology in the Service of the State. American Antiquity, 52, 229-248. GEARY, P., 2002. The Myth of Nations: The Medieval Origins of Europe. Princeton: Princeton University Press. HAWKINS, G., 1965. Interview in The Mystery of Stonehenge. New York: CBS Television Network, distributed by McGraw Hill. HOBSBAWM, E. J., 1992. Ethnicity and Nationalism in Europe Today, (plenary lecture to the American Anthropological Association). Anthropology Today, 8, 3-8. HUTCHINSON, J., and SMITH, A. D., ed. 2000. Nationalism: Critical Concepts in Political Science. London: Routledge. HUTTON, R., 1994. The Rise and Fall of Merry England: the Ritual Year, 1400-1700. Oxford: Oxford University Press. HUTTON, R., 1996. The Stations of the Sun: A History of the Ritual Year in Britain. Oxford: Oxford University Press. KOHL, P.L., and FAWCETT C., 1995a. Archaeology in the Service of the State: Theoretical Considerations. In: KOHL and FAWCETT, ed. Nationalism, Politics, and the Practice of Archaeology. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. KOHL, P.L., and FAWCETT, C., 1995. Nationalism, Politics, and the Practice of Archaeology. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. MCCLUSKEY, S.C., 1990. Calendars and Symbolism: Functions of Observation in Hopi Astronomy. Archaeoastronomy, no. 15, Supplement to the Journal for the History of Astronomy, 21, 1-16. MCCLUSKEY, S.C., 1993. Native American Cosmologies. In: N.S. HETHERINGTON, ed. Encyclopedia of Cosmology. New York: Garland, 427-436. NEUGEBAUER, O., 1951. The Study of Wretched Subjects. Isis, 42, 111. ORTIZ, A., 1969. The Tewa World: Space, Time, Being, and Becoming in a Pueblo Society. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. PEDERSEN, O., 1982. The Present Position of Archaeo-Astronomy. In: D.C. HEGGIE, ed., Archaeoastronomy in the Old World. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. SMITH, A.D., 2003. Chosen Peoples: Sacred Sources of National Identity. Oxford: Oxford University Press. THOM, A., 1954. The Solar Observatories of Megalithic Man. Journal of the British Astronomical Association, 64, 396-404. THOM, A., 1961. The Geometry of Megalithic Man. The Mathematical Gazette, 45, 83-93. THOM, A., 1966. The Lunar Observatories of Megalithic Man. Nature, 212, 1527-1528. TRIGGER, B.G., 1984. Alternative Archaeologies: Nationalist, Colonialist, Imperialist. Man, N.S., 19, 355-370. TRIGGER, B.G., 1995. Romanticism, nationalism, and archaeology. In: P.L. KOHL and C. FAWCETT, eds. Nationalism, Politics, and the practice of archaeology. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. WORDSWORTH, W., [c. 1825] 1958. The Prelude: or Growth of a Poet’s Mind. E. de SELINCOURT and H. DARBISHIRE, eds. Oxford: Clarendon Pr. Received: 29 October, 2007; Revised: 8 September 2008 NACIONALIZMO IR POLITIKOS ĮTAKA ATKURIANT SENĄJĄ ASTRONOMIJĄ Stephen C. McCluskey Santrauka Straipsnyje pristatoma konferencijos apskritojo stalo diskusijų įžanginė dalis, kurioje nagrinėta folkloro, archeologijos ir istorinių šaltinių vertė bei ribotumas rekonstruojant senovės astronominę praktiką ir kosmologinę sampratą. Tarp astronomines ir kultūrines tyrinėjimų rekonstrukcijas ribojančių veiksnių paminėtini lokaliniai, regioniniai ir nacionaliniai veiksniai, motyvuojantys daugelį kultūrinės astronomijos tyrimų. Pirmojoje Oksfordo konferencijoje Olafas Pedersenas, aptardamas nacių siekį ieškoti senovės germanų astronomijos šaknų, iškėlė mitinių archeoastronomijos funkcijų klausimą. Su šia diskusija susijusi ir pastarojo meto istorinės, archeologinės ir antropologinės praktikos kritika. Dar aštresnė kritika kreipiama į tautos laikymą ilgalaikiu
istoriniu veiksniu, trukdančiu suvokti praeitį, taip pat į žalingą tokių nacionalistinių interpretacijų poveikį šiuolaikinei politikai. Nors yra ir ne tokių kritiškų nuomonių, įžvelgiančių pozityvų nacionalistinių interpretacijų poveikį, kad ir kaip būtų, archeologija ir istorija neišvengiamai susipina su politiniais aspektais. Pagunda šlovinti praeities civilizacijų laimėjimus akivaizdžiai egzistuoja ir archeoastronomijos studijose. Tai nėra naujas reiškinys: jau XVIII a. britų senovės tyrinėtojų nuomonė, kad Stounhendžo astronomija atskleidžia britų laimėjimus, puikiai tiko tuometinei imperialistinei Britanijos politikai. XX a. pradžioje porevoliucinėje Meksikoje actekų ir majų astronominiai laimėjimai buvo įtraukti į nacionalinę tradiciją ir tapo svarbiu elementu kuriant ir skleidžiant naują tautinę tapatybę. Taigi senovės astronominių laimėjimų interpretacijos yra pernelyg supaprastinančios esmę, kai šiems laimėjimams paaiškinti pasitelkiamas ilgalaikis „nacionalinis charakteris“. Tokie tvirtinimai apie tęstinumą neatitinka šiuolaikinių istorikų ir archeologų pabrėžiamos akivaizdžiai laikinos tautų prigimties. Detali astronominių tradicijų analizė rodo sąveiką tarp esminių idėjų ilgalaikio tęstinumo ir pokyčių, vykstančių jas perimant ir savaip išreiškiant įvairiose bendruomenėse. Rimtą problemą atskleidžia Britanijoje pasirodę nauji darbai, kuriuose apie praeities religijų ir kalendorinių tradicijų senumą sprendžiama iš folkloro šaltinių ir labai retai pasitelkiami istoriniai tyrimai. Dažnai folkloras perteikia tik palyginti netolimoje praeityje susiformavusias „tradicijas“. Pastangos rekonstruoti senovės astronominę praktiką pirmiausia turi būti lydimos kritinio požiūrio į ankstesnius tradicinius archeoastronominius tyrinėjimus. Svarbiausias uždavinys – nustatyti, kokiu mastu lokaliniai ir nacionaliniai veiksniai gali kelti tendencingumo grėsmę tyrimams ir kokiu būdu mes galime išnaudoti juos nekompromituodami akademinio tikslumo. Vertė Jurgita Žukauskaitė ARCHAEOLOGIA BALTICA 10 VII VII. ARCHAEO- LOGY, FOLKLORE AND THE RECOVERY OF PAST ASTRONOMIES 267
Page 1:
ARCHAEOLOGIA BALTICA10 Astronomy an
Page 4 and 5:
UDK 902/904 Ar 46 Volume 10 Editori
Page 6 and 7:
Vytautas Tumėnas. The visual and t
Page 8 and 9:
PREFACE Jonas VaiškūnaS Preface T
Page 10 and 11:
Jonas VaiškūnaS Preface cists, ma
Page 12 and 13:
LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS List of Contri
Page 14 and 15:
List of Contributors Dimitar Kolev
Page 16 and 17:
List of Contributors 16 Dainius Raz
Page 18 and 19:
Second Parts can always be better!
Page 20 and 21:
Conference Summary: A Historian’s
Page 22 and 23:
THE MILKY WAY AND ITS STRUCTURING F
Page 24 and 25:
THE MILKY WAY AND ITS STRUCTURING F
Page 26 and 27:
CECILIA PAULA GÓMEZ Venus And The
Page 28 and 29:
CECILIA PAULA GÓMEZ Venus And The
Page 30 and 31:
Astronyms in Belarussian Folk Belie
Page 32 and 33:
Page 34 and 35:
Page 36 and 37:
Traditional Astronomical Knowledge
Page 38 and 39:
Traditional Astronomical Knowledge
Page 40 and 41:
A Solar Calendar from Latvian Daina
Page 42 and 43:
A Solar Calendar from Latvian Daina
Page 44 and 45:
SAULĖS KALENDORIUS PAGAL LATVIŲ D
Page 46 and 47:
Mesopotamian Influences on Persian
Page 48 and 49:
Page 50 and 51:
Page 52 and 53:
THE BIRTHDAY OF ASAKKU ARKADIUSZ SO
Page 54 and 55:
ARKADIUSZ SOŁTYSIAK The Birthday o
Page 56 and 57:
ARKADIUSZ SOŁTYSIAK The Birthday o
Page 58 and 59:
NOEMI MIRANDA, JUAN A. BELMONTE, MI
Page 60 and 61:
NOEMI MIRANDA, JUAN A. BELMONTE, MI
Page 62 and 63:
Tracing the Celestial Deer - an Anc
Page 64 and 65:
Tracing the Celestial Deer - an Anc
Page 66 and 67:
Calendrical Deer, Time-Reckoning an
Page 68 and 69:
Page 70 and 71:
Page 72 and 73:
The Mythological Moon Horse as Refl
Page 74 and 75:
Page 76 and 77:
Page 78 and 79:
The Visual and the Mythical- Poetic
Page 80 and 81:
VYTAUTAS TUMĖNAS The Visual and th
Page 82 and 83:
Page 84 and 85:
Page 86 and 87:
Some Peripheral Forms of the Medite
Page 88 and 89:
JONAS VAIŠKŪNAS Some Peripheral F
Page 90 and 91:
Page 92 and 93:
Page 94 and 95:
Were the 185 A.D. and 369 A.D. “G
Page 96 and 97:
Page 98 and 99:
Page 100 and 101:
Indigenous Astronomical Traditions
Page 102 and 103:
Page 104 and 105:
Page 106 and 107:
A new attempt to date the Xia, Shan
Page 108 and 109:
GÖRAN HENRIKSSON A new attempt to
Page 110 and 111:
Eleventh-Century Supernovae: Anothe
Page 112 and 113:
Eleventh-Century Supernovae: Anothe
Page 114 and 115:
The Date of Purim and Calendars in
Page 116 and 117:
Page 118 and 119:
Page 120 and 121:
L’abbé Jean Lebeuf, (1687- 1760)
Page 122 and 123:
Page 124 and 125:
Page 126 and 127:
Orientations at the Minoan Peak San
Page 128 and 129:
Page 130 and 131:
Page 132 and 133:
GREGORY E. MUNSON, BRYAN C. BATES,
Page 134 and 135:
Reading, Writing, and Recording the
Page 136 and 137:
Page 138 and 139:
Page 140 and 141:
Reading, Writing, and Recording the
Page 142 and 143:
David W. Pankenier, Ciyuan Y. Liu,
Page 144 and 145:
The Xiangfen, Taosi site: a Chinese
Page 146 and 147:
Page 148 and 149:
Page 150 and 151:
On the Origin of the Roman Idea of
Page 152 and 153:
GIULIO MAGLI On the Origin of the R
Page 154 and 155:
On the Origin of the Roman Idea of
Page 156 and 157:
The Nuraghic Well of Santa Cristina
Page 158 and 159:
ARNOLD LEBEUF The Nuraghic Well of
Page 160 and 161:
Page 162 and 163:
Page 164 and 165:
ANDREI PROKHOROV Images on the Ston
Page 166 and 167:
Images on the Stones at Scebiaraky
Page 168 and 169:
Images on the Stones at Scebiaraky
Page 170 and 171:
Thracian Dolmens and their Orientat
Page 172 and 173:
Antonio César González García, V
Page 174 and 175:
Thracian Dolmens and their Orientat
Page 176 and 177:
JOHN MCKIM MALVILLE, MICHAEL ZAWASK
Page 178 and 179:
JOHN MCKIM MALVILLE, MICHAEL ZAWASK
Page 180 and 181:
Cosmological Motifs of Peruvian Hua
Page 182 and 183:
Cosmological Motifs of Peruvian Hua
Page 184 and 185:
MARCELLO RANIERI A Geometrical Anal
Page 186 and 187:
Page 188 and 189:
Page 190 and 191:
Page 192 and 193:
Page 194 and 195:
A Geometrical Analysis of Mesoameri
Page 196 and 197:
LUCILLA LABIANCA, IDA SCIORTINO, SI
Page 198 and 199:
An Archaeoastronomical Study of the
Page 200 and 201:
Some Cosmological Aspects оf Catho
Page 202 and 203:
Page 204 and 205:
RIMVYDAS LAUŽIKAS Some Cosmologica
Page 206 and 207:
Page 208 and 209:
Fig. 1. Distribution of the graves
Page 210 and 211:
Basatanya revisited: two periods of
Page 212 and 213:
The Pythagorean Geometry of the Atr
Page 214 and 215:
The Pythagorean Geometry of the Atr
Page 216 and 217: Measurement Systems for Mathematics
Page 218 and 219: Measurement Systems for Mathematics
Page 220 and 221: Integrating Archaeoastronomy with L
Page 222 and 223: LIONEL SIMS Integrating Archaeoastr
Page 224 and 225: Integrating Archaeoastronomy with L
Page 226 and 227: From Umm Al Qab to Biban Al Muluk:
Page 228 and 229: Juan Antonio Belmonte, Antonio Cés
Page 230 and 231: Juan Antonio Belmonte, Antonio Cés
Page 232 and 233: From Umm Al Qab to Biban Al Muluk:
Page 234 and 235: The Orientations of Central Alentej
Page 242 and 243: Cardinal and Lunisolar Alignments a
Page 244 and 245: Cardinal and Lunisolar Alignments a
Page 246 and 247: Searching for the Astronomy of Abor
Page 254 and 255: Alternative Archaeoastronomies - An
Page 256 and 257: Alternative Archaeoastronomies - An
Page 258 and 259: THE CASE STUDY OF THE BOORONG The C
Page 260 and 261: The Case Study of the Boorong JOHN
Page 262 and 263: The Case Study of the Boorong JOHN
Page 264 and 265: Nationalism and Politics in the Rec
Page 268 and 269: Cosmic Catastrophes and Cultural Di
Page 274 and 275: In Memoriam Izold’s interests wer
Page 276 and 277: Klaipėdos universiteto leidykla AR
Page 278 and 279: Plates 2 6 1 3 Plate II. Antonio C
Page 280 and 281: Plates 12 11 10 9 8 7 Plate IV. IV
Page 282 and 283: Plates 1 11 Plate VI. VI Antonio C
Page 284: Plates 2 3 Plate VIII. VIII Lucilla
show all

BALTICA10

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

Delete template?

Save as template?