Positive behaviour support Getting it right from the start

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80 Positive behaviour support: Getting it right from the start - Facilitators reference manual PowerPoint 108 PowerPoint 109 * * The steps involved in setting up an incentive program 1. Select the target behaviour. 2. Select the time interval without displaying the target behaviour (half the average time between incidents). 3. Select the incentives. These should be: • ordinary • age appropriate • added to the person’s life • available non-conditionally after the program. You should ensure that the maximum number of rewards available is less than the person would seek given free access to it. The best way to do this is to construct an incentive menu. 4. Develop a system for monitoring the person’s performance (for example, signature chart). 5. Provide positive feedback paired with access to an incentive when the person goes for a whole interval without displaying the target behaviour. 6. When a target behaviour occurs, simply leave the space on the chart blank. Do not criticise the person, but simply encourage them to try to go for the next interval without displaying the target behaviour. 7. As the person’s behaviour improves, extend the amount of time they need to go before earning a reward. 8. When they have reached the program objective, make sure the person can still access the incentives on an informal basis. This will, in effect, enrich the person’s life and help to prevent behaviours from recurring. Situational control Situational control strategies are for behaviours that are OK as long as they occur at the right time and in the right place. They consist of teaching the person in what situations it is appropriate to engage in the behaviour, and in what situations it is not. Situational control can be used for behaviours like: • Complaining • Masturbation • Spitting • Nose picking • Dressing up in clothing of the opposite sex. The following situational control was set up to deal with Andrea’s excessive complaining. Andrea Andrea was told that she could have the undivided attention of staff every evening for ten minutes where she could complain about the things that went wrong for her that day.
Positive behaviour support: Getting it right from the start - Facilitators reference manual 81 PowerPoint 110 * Every evening at 8.30 pm the staff member on duty said, ‘Andrea, it’s our discussion time. Come into the staff room and let me know what went wrong today.’ Then in a caring and genuine way, staff listened to what Andrea had to say. They always arranged the seats in a certain way and turned off the main light and turned on a reading lamp. At the end of ten minutes (if it was fair to end at this point) staff praised Andrea for sharing her complaints with them. If Andrea made complaints during the day which didn’t need to be acted on then, staff would say ‘Andrea, remember that one for our discussion time tonight.’ Steps involved in setting up a situational control program 1. Select the target behaviour 2. Select an incentive to establish situational control (this may simply involve giving positive feedback). 3. Select a signal that the behaviour is OK now (select one which you control). Immediate response strategies Positive Intervention Framework Proactive strategies What to do to prevent the behaviour Immediate response strategies What might help when the behaviour occurs; beginning with least restrictive strategies? PowerPoint 111 PowerPoint 112 * * Change the environment Teaching skills Introduce short-term change strategies for rapid change to behaviour Rather than waiting for incidents to occur, it’s much wiser to be prepared. This is where immediate response strategies come in. Before these strategies can be planned, it is imperative that the warning signs (precursors) to incidents of behaviour are identified. The warning signs are the behaviours that the person engages in during the lead up to the actual behaviour (as opposed to triggers that are the setting events that occur immediately before the behaviour). Reactive strategies should be planned in a ‘hierarchical manner’, that is, there should be a series of steps incorporated into the plan, which match the level of escalation that the person is displaying at any particular time. Steps should always reflect the principles of the ‘least restrictive alternative’ ranging from the least to the most restrictive strategies. If a restrictive intervention is to be used the option chosen should be the least restrictive as possible in the circumstances (s 140 (b) Disability Act 2006).
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Positive behaviour support Getting it right from the start

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