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Cyber Threats to Space Systems<br />

Christian Olarean<br />

Internet has gone through fundamental changes over the last 20 years. Since<br />

the 1990s, it has influenced various domains including trade, health,<br />

commerce, social media, and governance. Yet, how cyber space will develop<br />

remains unclear, especially in relation to threats, which impact space systems.<br />

Still, when it comes to a joint vision, many different views and uncertainties<br />

are visible in different definitions of cyber space, in different understandings<br />

of using cyber space. These differences beg the question as to whether a<br />

Code of Conduct for space activities is needed and what might be done<br />

further to mitigate the threats which impact space systems?<br />

Why Cyber in Space Security?<br />

There are at least four reasons why the international community should care<br />

about cyber security and space security. First, when policy makers from<br />

different countries are talking about this topic, they are wondering if this is<br />

really a big or real issue or if this is just something over advertised by the<br />

media. These individuals should be thinking about the challenges they will<br />

soon face. From an economic point of view, at the micro level, every one of<br />

us should care about our own cyber security; and at the macro level, our<br />

governments should be highly concerned about this issue. Moreover, with<br />

the current allegation of espionage by foreign intelligence agencies, such as<br />

digital industrial espionage, we need to extend our concerns on space<br />

systems, with regard, in particular, to companies which are capable of<br />

producing components incorporated in commercial satellites, which could be<br />

manipulated and used to extract or filter information with cyber tools.<br />

From an economic<br />

point of view, at the<br />

micro level, every one<br />

of us should care<br />

about our own cyber<br />

security; and at the<br />

macro level, our<br />

governments should<br />

be highly concerned<br />

about this issue.<br />

Moreover, with the<br />

current allegation of<br />

espionage by foreign<br />

intelligence agencies,<br />

such as digital<br />

industrial espionage,<br />

we need to extend our<br />

concerns on space<br />

systems, with regard,<br />

in particular, to<br />

companies which are<br />

capable of producing<br />

components<br />

incorporated in<br />

commercial satellites,<br />

which could be<br />

manipulated and<br />

used to extract or filter<br />

information with cyber<br />

tools.<br />

Cyber Threats to Space Systems | www.orfonline.org 101

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