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and 17 GHz frequency bands (Appendix) see Maria<br />
Buzdugan “Recent Challenges Facing the<br />
Management of Radio Frequencies and Orbital<br />
Resources Used by Satellite”, p. 314.<br />
199. The views expressed by the authors are based ona<br />
continuous study and careful observanceof the<br />
developments in Indian space activities and in the<br />
international arena on the Code of Conduct. The<br />
authors hope that the views expressed here will<br />
help in founding an Indian “national” position on the<br />
Code – which the authors feel is important and<br />
critical.<br />
200. The authors are grateful to National Institute of<br />
Advanced Studies, Bangalore – especially Dr VS<br />
Ramamurthy, Director and to Jain University,<br />
Bangalore.<br />
201. The latest text available at<br />
http://eeas.europa.eu/non-proliferation-anddisarmament/pdf/space_code_conduct_draft_vers_<br />
16_sept_2013_en.pdf.<br />
202. Declaration of Legal Principles Governing the<br />
Activities of States in the Exploration and Use of<br />
Outer Space, adopted on 13 December 1963<br />
(General Assembly resolution 1962 -XVIII-).<br />
Principles Governing the Use by States of Artificial<br />
Earth Satellites for International Direct Television<br />
Broadcasting, adopted on 10 December 1982<br />
(General Assembly resolution 37/92).<br />
Principles relating to remote sensing of the Earth<br />
from outer space, adopted on 3 December 1986<br />
(General Assembly resolution 41/65).<br />
Principles Relevant to the Use of Nuclear Power<br />
Sources in Outer Space, adopted on 14 December<br />
1992 (General Assembly resolution 47/68).<br />
Declaration on International Cooperation in the<br />
Exploration and Use of Outer Space for the Benefit<br />
and in the Interest of All States, Taking into<br />
Particular Account the Needs of Developing<br />
Countries, adopted on 13 December 1996 (General<br />
Assembly resolution 51/122).<br />
203. COPUOS Guidelines for space debris mitigation<br />
adopted on 2007 by General Assembly resolution<br />
62/217.<br />
204. Security framework related to nuclear power<br />
sources in outer space, approved on COPUOS 52ª<br />
session, June 2009.<br />
205. Council of the European Union Document 14455/10.<br />
206. Council of the European Union Document 14455/10.<br />
207. “Agreement Governing the Activities of States on<br />
the Moon and other Celestial Bodies”, in: United<br />
Nations Treaties and Principles on Outer Space,<br />
United Nations, 2002, available at:<br />
http://www.oosa.unvienna.org/pdf/publications/ST<br />
SPACE11E.pdf(accessed on June 28, 2012).<br />
208. UN General Assembly Document 2345 (XXII).<br />
209. UN General Assembly Document 2777 (XXVI)..<br />
210. “Model Code of Conduct”, Stimson Center, available<br />
at: http://www.stimson.org/research-pages/modelcode-of-conduct/(accessed<br />
on June 28,2012).<br />
211. Conference on Disarmament Document CD/1839.<br />
212. Conference on Disarmament Document CD/1865.<br />
213. Council of the European Union Document 14455/10.<br />
214. The views expressed herein are solely those of the<br />
author.<br />
215. Conference on DisarmamentDocument CD/1839.<br />
216. Conference on Disarmament Document CD/1865.<br />
217. Committee of the Peaceful Use of Outer Space<br />
Document A/AC.105/2009/CRP.12.<br />
218. UN General Assembly Document A/AC.105/L.278.<br />
219. Doug Messier, “Brazil Proposes Latin American Space<br />
Alliance”, parabolicarc.com, November 17, 2013,<br />
available at<br />
www.parabolicarc.com/2013/11/17/brazil-proposeslatin-american-space-alliance/.<br />
220. “Report of the World Commission on Environment<br />
and Development: Our Common Future“, World<br />
Commission on Environment and Development,<br />
March 20, 1987, available at http://www.undocuments.net/our-common-future.pdf<br />
221. Ibid.<br />
222. For a detaileddescriptionoftheopinionsofLatin<br />
American States towardstheICo.C, see“Report On<br />
American Seminar and Outreach Initiatives forthe<br />
Facilitation of the Development of an International<br />
Code of Conduct for Outer Space Activities: Space<br />
Equities: The Role ofthe Americas in Developing<br />
Norms of Behaviour“, UNIDIR, available at:<br />
http://www.unidir.org/files/publications/pdfs/semin<br />
ar-report-mexico-en-599.pdf,<br />
. See forexamplethepresentationof Jose<br />
MonserratFilhoatthe UNIDIR American Regional<br />
Seminar (1 and 2 July 2013), “Report On American<br />
Seminar and Outreach Initiatives forthe Facilitation<br />
of the Development of an International Code of<br />
Conduct for Outer Space Activities: Space Equities:<br />
The Role ofthe Americas in Developing Norms of<br />
Behaviour“, UNIDIR, available at:<br />
http://www.unidir.org/files/publications/pdfs/semin<br />
ar-report-mexico-en-599.pdf, .<br />
223. “Ecuador Pegasus satellite fears over space debris<br />
crash“, bbc.co.uk, May 24, 2013, available at<br />
Endnotes | www.orfonline.org 241