AwaitingLaunch_1397728623369

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Reference Argoun, Mohamed B., 2012. “Recent design and utilization trends of small satellites in developing countries”, ActaAstronautica, 71: 119-128. Castronuovo, Marco M., 2011. “Active space debris removal—A preliminary mission analysis and design”, ActaAstronautica, Vol. 69, No. 9-10: 848-859. DeLuca, L.T. et al., 2013. “Active space debris removal by a hybrid propulsion module”, ActaAstronautica, Vol. 91: 20-33. Graziani, Filippo, Piergentili, Fabrizio and Santoni, Fabio, 2010. “A space standards application to university-class microsatellites: The UNISATexperience”, ActaAstronautica, Vol. 66, No. 9-10: 1534-1543. Kramer, Herbert J. and Cracknell, Arthur P., 2008. “An overview of small satellites in remote sensing” International Journal of Remote Sensing, Vol. 29, No. 15: 4285 - 4337. Liou, J.-C. and Johnson, Nicholas L., 2009. “A sensitivity study of the effectiveness of active debris removal in LEO”, ActaAstronautica, Vol. 64, No. 2-3: 236-243. Liou, J.-C., Johnson, Nicholas L. and Hill, N.M., 2010. “Controlling the growth of future LEO debris populations with active debris removal”, ActaAstronautica, Vol. 66, No. 5-6: 648-653. Nakasuka, Shinichi et al., 2010. “Evolution from education to practical use in University of Tokyo's nano-satellite activities”, ActaAstronautica, Vol. 66, No. 7-8: 1099-1105. Nishida, Shin-Ichiro and Kawamoto, Satomi, 2011. “Strategy for capturing of a tumbling space debris”, ActaAstronautica, Vol. 68, No. 1-2: 113-120. Nishida, Shin-Ichiro, Kawamoto, Satomi, Okawa, Yasushi, Terui, Fyuto and Kitamura, Shoji, 2009. “Space debris removal system using a small satellite”, ActaAstronautica, Vol. 65, No. 1-2: 95-102. Singer, Michael J. and Musacchio, John T., 2011. “An International Environmental Agreement for space debris mitigation among asymmetric nations”, ActaAstronautica, Vol. 68, No. 1-2: 326-337. Smirnov, N.N., Kiselev, A.B., Kondratyev, K.A. and Zolkin, S.N., 2010. “Impact of debris particles on space structures modeling”, ActaAstronautica, Vol. 67, No. 3-4: 333- 343. Thyagarajan, K., Gupta, J.P., Goel, P.S. and Jayaraman, K., 2005. “University small satellite program—ANUSAT”, ActaAstronautica, Vol. 56, No. 1-2: 89-97. 114 | Awaiting Launch: Perspectives on the Draft ICoC for Outer Space Activities
Walker, R., Martin, C.E., Stokes, P.H. and Klinkrad, H., 2002. “Sensitivity of long-term orbital debris environment evolution to the deployment of nano-satellite swarms”, ActaAstronautica, Vol. 51, No. 1-9: 439-449. Xue, Yong, Li, Yingjie, Guang, Jie, Zhang, Xlaoye and Guo, Jianping, 2008. “Small satellite remote sensing and applications – history, current and future”, International Journal of Remote Sensing, Vol. 29, No. 15: 4339 - 4372. International Code of Conduct of Outer Space Activities, http://eeas.europa.eu/nonproliferation-anddisarmament/pdf/space_code_conduct_draft_vers_16_sept_2013_en.pdf. Reference | www.orfonline.org 115
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AWAITING LAUNCH: PERSPECTIVES ON TH
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Contents Preface About the Authors
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IV. ICoC: Perspectives from Latin A
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and done with the purpose of evolvi
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subscribed and those that have not.
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Geneva, Switzerland. Prior to joini
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Institute of Space Law (IISL), and
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George Washington University (Washi
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Dr. Gayya Habila Umaru is a space l
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Dr. Solomon Belay Tessema is Direct
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IMSO ISEF ISO ITSO ITU LEO LTSS MEO
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ICoC and Long-Term Sustainability o
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Meteorological Satellites (CGMS) fo
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guidelines by the end of 2014. The
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egional and global levels in both p
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formulated by the EU, is neverthele
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"There are some who question the re
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encourages a longer view and even f
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Commerce The Code is also fundament
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These omissions are fortunate becau
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mind its behaviour and follow some
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The UN has made two guidelines for
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any disobedience of the latter will
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ICoC: Recommendations for Further E
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improving the outer space environme
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diminish the ability of any state,
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It happened to Us… Ronnie Nader W
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Customary International Law: A Trou
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elating to the now defunct(EU CoC)
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specifically under §§ 5-6 that ar
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1.4 Subscription to this Code is op
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many years since the treaty's entry
Page 72 and 73: declarations to which the subscribi
Page 74 and 75: of “consensus” in this context
Page 77 and 78: The ICoC: A Starting Point Victoria
Page 79 and 80: Strengths The CoC is being negotiat
Page 81 and 82: 59 defence as recognised in the Cha
Page 83 and 84: Space Code of Conduct.... Only a Be
Page 85 and 86: effort is the resolution about Prev
Page 87 and 88: important platform for discussions
Page 89 and 90: Towards A More Responsible Use of O
Page 91 and 92: It was also raised by the author of
Page 93 and 94: d. discussing the implementation of
Page 95 and 96: ICoC and the Right of Self Defence
Page 97 and 98: Difficulties of Verification If it
Page 99 and 100: were conducted under the chairmansh
Page 101: II. Unique Perspectives Unique Pers
Page 104 and 105: the Functioning of the European Uni
Page 106 and 107: countries (as of early 2014) has be
Page 108 and 109: The ICoC Project: A Way to Avoid Mu
Page 110 and 111: Second, Internet looks different fr
Page 112 and 113: The Benefits of an ICoC There are s
Page 114 and 115: the main cyber powers agree on thes
Page 116 and 117: Reference A. Kerrest, “Treaty vs
Page 118 and 119: provides ground-breaking opportunit
Page 120 and 121: 104 scientifically useful orbits to
Page 125 and 126: ICoC for Outer Space Activities: An
Page 127 and 128: Addressing Challenges in Space thro
Page 129 and 130: Making the International Code of Co
Page 131 and 132: of negotiations and creating more i
Page 133: III. Regional Views Regional Views
Page 136 and 137: objects of human origin in orbit ar
Page 138 and 139: Non-space faring nations could supp
Page 140 and 141: “Actively participate in the nego
Page 142 and 143: Space Situational Awareness In the
Page 145 and 146: EU Efforts for an ICoC: A Mexican P
Page 147 and 148: ilateral agreements to prevent or m
Page 149 and 150: aspects of space activities, and is
Page 151 and 152: that a successful ICoC could weaken
Page 153 and 154: ICoC and Sustainable Use of Outer S
Page 155 and 156: due to the Moon race and the Cold W
Page 157 and 158: such a way as to avoid the creation
Page 159 and 160: is said to amount to 20 per cent of
Page 161 and 162: oosting transparency and confidence
Page 163: Conclusion The concept of developin
Page 166 and 167: eyond disarmament issues. Therefore
Page 168 and 169: • • • consistently reinforce
Page 170 and 171: government and private sectors. The
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Debris Environment The space enviro
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preventive steps that might minimis
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and it must be pro-actively involve
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• • • • • The Treaty on P
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development of international rules
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content of ICoC is beyond the compe
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References Becerra, R. (2013). Cien
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epresentatives in order to discuss
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practices and undertaking confidenc
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• Beijing and Russia have categor
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“United Nations Committee on the
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In that regard, efforts that have b
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aim of investing in space technolog
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and, to a different degree, Argenti
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Treaty on Principles Governing the
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use of military personnel for scien
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Article X In order to promote inter
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Depositary Governments. Such withdr
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One of its efforts is to recommend
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Organisations are encouraged to use
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3.5 Operational Phases 3.5.1 Launch
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(3) High-pressure vessels should be
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each the surface of the Earth shoul
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Article I For the purposes of this
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Treaty, which shall: (a) Accept for
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Version16September 2013 DRAFT Inter
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and global security and stability,a
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• the Space Debris Mitigation Gui
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5.2. The Subscribing States resolve
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• • • • • The Subscribing
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9.2. The Subscribing States resolve
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Noting the constructive debates tha
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V. Endnotes Endnotes | www.orfonlin
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20. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ke
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law are not good. However, if both
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ActaAstronauticaVol. 71, 2012, pp.1
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132. The two monographs referenced
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at:http://www.esa.int/esapub/sp/sp1
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http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-lat
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