AwaitingLaunch_1397728623369

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http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-latin-america- 22635671. 224. See “Report On American Seminar and Outreach Initiatives forthe Facilitation of the Development of an International Code of Conduct for Outer Space Activities: Space Equities: The Role ofthe Americas in Developing Norms of Behaviour“, UNIDIR, available at: http://www.unidir.org/files/publications/pdfs/semin ar-report-mexico-en-599.pdf, p.3. 225. See “Report On American Seminar and Outreach Initiatives forthe Facilitation of the Development of an International Code of Conduct for Outer Space Activities: Space Equities: The Role oft he Americas in Developing Norms of Behaviour“, UNIDIR, available at: http://www.unidir.org/files/publications/pdfs/semin ar-report-mexico-en-599.pdf, p.2. 242 | Awaiting Launch: Perspectives on the Draft ICoC for Outer Space Activities
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AWAITING LAUNCH: PERSPECTIVES ON TH
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Contents Preface About the Authors
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IV. ICoC: Perspectives from Latin A
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and done with the purpose of evolvi
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subscribed and those that have not.
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Geneva, Switzerland. Prior to joini
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Institute of Space Law (IISL), and
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George Washington University (Washi
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Dr. Gayya Habila Umaru is a space l
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Dr. Solomon Belay Tessema is Direct
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IMSO ISEF ISO ITSO ITU LEO LTSS MEO
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ICoC and Long-Term Sustainability o
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Meteorological Satellites (CGMS) fo
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guidelines by the end of 2014. The
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egional and global levels in both p
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formulated by the EU, is neverthele
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"There are some who question the re
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encourages a longer view and even f
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Commerce The Code is also fundament
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These omissions are fortunate becau
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mind its behaviour and follow some
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The UN has made two guidelines for
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any disobedience of the latter will
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ICoC: Recommendations for Further E
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improving the outer space environme
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diminish the ability of any state,
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It happened to Us… Ronnie Nader W
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Customary International Law: A Trou
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elating to the now defunct(EU CoC)
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specifically under §§ 5-6 that ar
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1.4 Subscription to this Code is op
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many years since the treaty's entry
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declarations to which the subscribi
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of “consensus” in this context
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The ICoC: A Starting Point Victoria
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Strengths The CoC is being negotiat
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59 defence as recognised in the Cha
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Space Code of Conduct.... Only a Be
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effort is the resolution about Prev
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important platform for discussions
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Towards A More Responsible Use of O
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It was also raised by the author of
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d. discussing the implementation of
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ICoC and the Right of Self Defence
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Difficulties of Verification If it
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were conducted under the chairmansh
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II. Unique Perspectives Unique Pers
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the Functioning of the European Uni
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countries (as of early 2014) has be
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The ICoC Project: A Way to Avoid Mu
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Second, Internet looks different fr
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The Benefits of an ICoC There are s
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the main cyber powers agree on thes
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Reference A. Kerrest, “Treaty vs
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provides ground-breaking opportunit
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104 scientifically useful orbits to
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Reference Argoun, Mohamed B., 2012.
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ICoC for Outer Space Activities: An
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Addressing Challenges in Space thro
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Making the International Code of Co
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of negotiations and creating more i
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III. Regional Views Regional Views
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objects of human origin in orbit ar
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Non-space faring nations could supp
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“Actively participate in the nego
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Space Situational Awareness In the
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EU Efforts for an ICoC: A Mexican P
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ilateral agreements to prevent or m
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aspects of space activities, and is
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that a successful ICoC could weaken
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ICoC and Sustainable Use of Outer S
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due to the Moon race and the Cold W
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such a way as to avoid the creation
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is said to amount to 20 per cent of
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oosting transparency and confidence
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Conclusion The concept of developin
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eyond disarmament issues. Therefore
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• • • consistently reinforce
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government and private sectors. The
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Debris Environment The space enviro
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preventive steps that might minimis
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and it must be pro-actively involve
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• • • • • The Treaty on P
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development of international rules
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content of ICoC is beyond the compe
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References Becerra, R. (2013). Cien
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epresentatives in order to discuss
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practices and undertaking confidenc
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• Beijing and Russia have categor
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“United Nations Committee on the
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In that regard, efforts that have b
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aim of investing in space technolog
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and, to a different degree, Argenti
Page 201 and 202: Treaty on Principles Governing the
Page 203 and 204: use of military personnel for scien
Page 205 and 206: Article X In order to promote inter
Page 207 and 208: Depositary Governments. Such withdr
Page 209 and 210: One of its efforts is to recommend
Page 211 and 212: Organisations are encouraged to use
Page 213 and 214: 3.5 Operational Phases 3.5.1 Launch
Page 215 and 216: (3) High-pressure vessels should be
Page 217 and 218: each the surface of the Earth shoul
Page 219 and 220: Article I For the purposes of this
Page 221 and 222: Treaty, which shall: (a) Accept for
Page 223 and 224: Version16September 2013 DRAFT Inter
Page 225 and 226: and global security and stability,a
Page 227 and 228: • the Space Debris Mitigation Gui
Page 229 and 230: 5.2. The Subscribing States resolve
Page 231 and 232: • • • • • The Subscribing
Page 233 and 234: 9.2. The Subscribing States resolve
Page 235 and 236: Noting the constructive debates tha
Page 237: V. Endnotes Endnotes | www.orfonlin
Page 240 and 241: 20. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ke
Page 242 and 243: law are not good. However, if both
Page 244 and 245: ActaAstronauticaVol. 71, 2012, pp.1
Page 246 and 247: 132. The two monographs referenced
Page 248 and 249: at:http://www.esa.int/esapub/sp/sp1
Page 252: As the outer space environment chan
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