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During major cyber-attacks - such as the attacks against Estonia in 2007,
Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty in 2008, Lithuania in 2008, and against
Aramco, a Saudi Arabian national oil company in 2012 - the private sector
proved itself a crucial part of effective cyber responses. Authorities had to
rely on trusted communities of computer and information engineers,
network operators, and numerous experts from national companies affected
in these attacks. Importantdiscussions on cyber security would therefore
benefit from private industry participation. Governments, together with the
private sector and other appropriate stakeholders, can address and develop
valuable cyber security norms – both at the national and international level –
improving risk management and resiliency. New cooperation models are
needed now, and the role of private sector in cyber security policies is vital.
Given that cyber space is globalised, it is imperative that all cyber space
actors are engaged in cyber space security initiatives. Only such
comprehensive processes can bring about a more secure cyber and space
network.
Considering that the progress in implementing the Code will be monitored
through the meetings of the Parties and that the Code will be revised and
updated as necessary in light of the forthcoming developments in cyberspace
and in close relation with space regulations and legislations, all parties should
collaborate in the fulfilment and implementation of the objectives and
principles contained in the Code. It is necessary that all countries contribute
to the development of this legislation and not just the major players.
In any case, it is better to have a CoC than nothing at all, even if this is
weaker than a treaty. There is a clear need to bring the international
community together on how cyber and space security issues are dealt with in
the future.
Cyber Threats to Space Systems | www.orfonline.org 107