Draft MTP/SCS Comments Received - sacog

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Negative impacts are also possible if proactive policies and planning measures are not in place: Because many transit areas have a higher share of low-income households, negative public health impacts (e.g., pedestrian injuries) could have a disproportionate affect on those families. In addition, there are significant current and historical environmental injustices related to lowincome communities and communities of color having disproportionate exposures to hazardous air quality associated with freeways, which may be perpetuated by increasing growth in places with these characteristics. clv The demand for housing near transit is equally strong amongst all income groups. clvi New development, including transit-oriented development, can lead to a risk of displacement for existing low-income populations. This can be mitigated by providing affordable housing in TOD areas clvii and by stabilizing rent prices for local small businesses. METHODOLOGY Through the SB375 Sustainable Communities Strategy process, MPOs should use their regionspecific analysis of housing, population and workforce growth in proposed transit priority areas. RESOURCES Brookings Institute Report: State of Metropolitan America – On the front lines of demographic transition http://www.brookings.edu/~/media/Files/Programs/Metro/state_of_metro_america/metro_a merica_report.pdf This report uses the Census Bureau’s Population Estimates Program. Using data from the last decennial census, more recent national surveys, and administrative records at all levels of government, the Population Estimates Program produces annual estimates of population, and its “components of change” (natural increase, domestic migration, and immigration), for all incorporated municipalities, counties, and states nationwide. The program also estimates state and county populations by age and race/ethnicity annually. http://www.census.gov/popest/topics/schedule.html ABAG (The Association of Bay Area Governments) is responsible for making long-term forecasts or population, housing, and employment for the nine-county Bay Area. These forecasts assist local governments in planning for our changing environment. ABAG produces updated forecasts every 2 years and publishes them as Projections. In recent updates, the Projections forecasts have presented a realistic assessment of growth in the region, while recognizing trends in markets and demographics, while also recognizing local policies that promote more compact infill- and transit-oriented development. http://www.abag.ca.gov/planning/currentfcst/ STANDARDS See standards suggested for Metric #4. Frank & Pivo’s 1995 study on the impact of smart growth on modal shift clviii may offer useful benchmarks: Nearly all travel is done by car until residential density reached 13 persons per acre; Employment density levels greater than 75 employees per acre is necessary before there is a substantial increase in transit and pedestrian travel for work trips. 50 Page 86 of 165
ECONOMIC METRIC: ECONOMIC 9. a) Percent of household income consumed by housing and transportation combined; b) Percent of income going towards housing costs; c) Percent of income going towards transportation costs EVIDENCE BASE Health Impacts Income is one of the strongest and most consistent predictors of health in the public health research literature. clix clx As transportation and housing costs rise, the less money households have to spend on medical resources (health care and health insurance), healthy food, schooling costs, leisure activities and exercise. clxi Prevalence of obesity and Type 2 diabetes is higher among groups with the lowest levels of income and education, living in deprived areas. clxii Additionally, individuals with less income are more likely to report experiencing traumatic life events as well as the harmful psychosocial effects of neighborhood violence or disorder, residential crowding, and struggles to meet daily challenges with inadequate resources. clxiii clxiv clxv clxvi Equity Impacts The distribution of income has become increasingly concentrated among a smaller segment of people in the United States over the past decades, and the gap between the highest and lowest-earning 20 percent continues to grow. clxvii Racial/ethnic inequities in income are particularly striking. In 2004, for example, the median household income was approximately $30,000 among blacks and nearly $50,000 among whites. clxviii While public officials, renters, homeowners and bankers often use 30 percent of a household’s income as the benchmark of affordability, this measure omits transportation costs, which can vary significantly by neighborhood, city and region. In order to obtain affordable housing, people often live far away from work, believing they’ll save money on housing costs. However, the time and money spent on long commutes can place further stress on tight budgets. clxix In the Los Angeles metro area, 46 percent of communities would be considered affordable using the standard measure of 30 percent of income. However, this statistic drops to only 29 percent when both housing and transportation costs are considered. clxx Low-income households living in the city cores of the Bay Area and/or near transit tend to have a much lower housing and transportation costs than households living in outer areas. clxxi In neighborhoods highly susceptible to gentrification, housing and transportation costs that are disproportionately high indicate that residents are unlikely to be able to stay in the absence of supportive housing policies and may be more likely to be displaced. clxxi The lack of affordable housing constrains choices about where families and individuals live, often relegating lower-income families to the periphery and/or to substandard housing in unsafe, overcrowded neighborhoods with higher rates of poverty and fewer resources like parks, bike paths, recreation centers and other health promoting activities. clxxii This type of housing instability also has health impacts. One study found that children living in areas with higher rates of unaffordable housing tend to have worse health, more behavioral problems and lower school performance. clxxiii METHODOLOGY 51 Page 87 of 165
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Sacramento Public Hearing Comments
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909 12 th Street Sacramento, CA 958
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next four years so that the next MT
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We appreciate working with SACOG, i
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We note that the work to develop th
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Policy 9: Greenhouse Gas emission r
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• Modify Strategy 30.4 as follows
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PO Box 1526 • Sacramento, CA •
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This study by the Urban Land Instit
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Further, while SACOG has used the b
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from SHA to SACOG re MTP/SCS 2035 L
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NATURAL RESOURCES DEFENSE COUNCIL J
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Consideration of this information
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Yuba County Elected Official Inform
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Draft MTP/SCS Comments Received - sacog

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