Fall 2007 Biology 3A Abstracts given different types of diet, (p
Fall 2007 Biology 3A Abstracts Food preference and required nutrition change over the course of fish development and the types of food that are beneficial for the growing juvenile fish may not essentially be beneficial for the adult (Lovell, 1991). Aside from the purpose of determining the best food source, future experiments might include studying the difference in nutritional requirements of juvenile and adult goldfish to determine whether assimilation rates or absorption efficiencies vary between the two groups. Literature Cited Bandyopadhyay, P, Swain, S, and Mishra, S (2005). Growth and dietary utilization in goldfish fed diets formulated with various local agro-produces. BioResource Technology. 96: 731-740. Cacho, O, Kinnucan, H, and Hatch, U (1991). Optimal control of fish growth. American Journal of Agricultural Economics. 73(1): 174-183. Garling, D, and Wilson, R (1977). Optimum dietary protein to energy ratio for channel catfish fingerlings, Ictalurus punctatus. Journal of Nutrition. 106(9): 1368-1375. Kaiser, H, Endemann, F, and Paulet, T (2003). A comparison of artificial and natural foods and their combinations in the rearing of goldfish. Aquaculture Research. 34: 943-950. Lopez, R (2006). Exploring the assimilation rate of goldfish: a comparison of protein and carbohydrate diets. Biology Journal. 1: 273-282. Lovell, R (1991). Nutrition of aquaculture species. Journal of Animal Science. 69(10): 4193-4200. Lovell, T (1998). Nutrition and feeding of fish. Massachusetts, US: Kluwer Academic Publishers. 266p. Priestley, S, Stevenson, A, and Alexander, A (2006). Growth rate and body condition in relation to group size in black widow Tetras (Gymnocorymbus ternetzi) and common Goldfish (Carrasius auratus). Journal of Nutrition. 136(7): 2078S-2080S. Smith, M.W (1966). Influence of temperature acclimatization on sodium-glucose interactions in the goldfish intestine. Journal of Physiology. 182: 574- 590. Tan, Q, Xie, S, Zhu, X, Lei, W and Yang, Y (2007). Effect of dietary carbohydrate-to-lipid ratios on growth and feed utilization in Chinese longsnout catfish (eiocassis longirostris). J. Appl. Ichthyol. 23: 605-610 The Effect of a Lactate Supplement on Maximal Cycling Performance in Man Kyle Lutz and John I. Miller Department of Biological Sciences <strong>Saddleback</strong> <strong>College</strong> Mission Viejo, CA 92692 High lactate concentrations have traditionally been considered a causative factor in muscle fatigue during strenuous exercise in man. Recent research has challenged this view. A lactate supplement (SportLegs®) claims to increase time until fatigue in strenuous activity. Our study seeks to determine if supplementation with lactate before strenuous activity will increase time until fatigue in cyclists. Cycle power and time to failure were measured in two trials: the first unsupplemented and the second supplemented. Mean time to fatigue in trial 1 was 14.1 minutes and in trial 2 was 14.0 minutes. The supplement did however increase time to peak lactate production. Other studies have shown that high lactate concentrations have an insignificant effect on muscle fatigue and that other factors may be more important (Nielson 2003, Bangsbo 1992). We found that there was no significant difference in time to fatigue or maximum power output between cyclists taking the lactate supplement and those that did not. Our results strengthen the notion that lactate has a minimal effect on muscle fatigue. 11 <strong>Saddleback</strong> Journal of Biology <strong>Spring</strong> <strong>2008</strong>