Volume 6, Spring 2008 - Saddleback College

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$Math 10 â Statistics - Saddleback College$

Fall 2007 Biology 3A Abstracts 16. THE EFFECTS OF OZONE ON ESCHERICHIA COLI ON SPINACH LEAVES. Aaron Echols and Crystine Gill*. Department of Biological Sciences, Saddleback College, Mission Viejo, California, 92692, USA Ozone treatment is an approved method of sanitation by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Using an ozone method of sanitation would yield greater benefits to both consumer and the environment. Although ozone is used as a disinfectant for various agricultural crops today, is not currently utilized to sanitize spinach. It was predicted that E. coli contamination on spinach would be significantly reduced by an aqueous ozone treatment. In this study, spinach was exposed to E. coli bacteria for twenty minutes. One portion of the spinach was washed in ozonated water (oxidation reduction potential 500), and the other portion was washed in untreated water, each for ten minutes. Samples of ozone-treated and waterwashed contaminated spinach were plated and incubated for two days. A mean count of 104 E. coli cfu per plate formed from the ozone-treated samples (n = 4, s.e. ± 5.7), and a mean count of 137 E. coli cfu formed on plates of water-washed samples of spinach (n = 4, s.e. ± 16.2). The quantity of E. coli on the spinach was reduced by the ozone treatment, although it was not found to be a significant reduction (one tail t-test 0.11; P = 2.13). 17. THE EFFECT OF WAVELENGTH OF LIGHT ON THE DISCOLORATION OF WINE. Greg M. Fitzgerald and Michael B. Zilly. Department of Biological Sciences, Saddleback College, Mission Viejo, California, 92677, USA. Wines are usually corked in bottles varying in different colors. The different colors of bottles are due to help prevent light from entering the bottle, which discolors the wine. Since different wines are bottled in different color bottles, it was predicted that the effects of wavelengths of light on two different types of wine would discolor differently. A D’ Aquino Chianti and a La Loggia Barolo were obtained and experimented on. The two wines were diluted and placed into test tubes, some covered with different colors of cellophane. The test tubes were then placed in front of a full spectrum light for 14 days. Data was analyzed from the points given from a Beckman Coulter DU 730 spectrophotometer. Mean values of the two wines at blue light vs. mean values of the control showed p-values of p = 0.622 and p = 0.446 for a two tailed t-test assuming unequal variance for the Barolo and Chianti, respectively. In conclusion, for the time tested in this experiment, there is no significant difference between the discolorations of both wines under full light to their control samples. 18. THE EFFECT OF APPLES ON THE RIPENING OF VALENCIA ORANGES (Citrus aurantium). Monica Mehran and Paris Aliyazdi. Department of Biological Sciences, Saddleback College, Mission Viejo, California, 92692, USA Ethylene (C2H6) is a gaseous organic compound which can be thought of as a natural plant hormone, produced in small amounts by most fruits and vegetables. To assess the significance of ethylene on fruit ripening and maturation, we tested the effects of ethylene exposure on the Valencia orange (Citrus aurantium), by using ripening apples, commonly known for producing significant amounts of ethylene gas. The results of the experiment were consistent with the belief that the presence of ethylene accelerates the ripening, or what is frequently referred to as “degreening” in citrus fruits such as oranges and tangerines. There were very significant differences between the ripening time between the oranges that were exposed to apples and those that were allowed to ripen without the presence of apples. The ethylene released by the apples greatly reduces the time it takes for the orange to change color from green to yellow to orange. vi Saddleback Journal of Biology Spring 2008
Fall 2007 Biology 3A Abstracts 19. A COMPARISON OF THE WATER UPTAKE RESPONSES TO INTRAPERITONEAL BOLUS INJECTIONS OF ARGININE VASOTOCIN IN THE TOAD, BUFO AMERICANUS AND THE LEOPARD FROG, RANA PIPIENS. Ryan G. White and Michael Hadley. Department of Biological Sciences, 28000 Marguerite Pkwy. Saddleback College, Mission Viejo, California, 92692. Arginine vasotocin (AVT) is a neuropeptide hormone found in most anurans, which is naturally produced and secreted into the plasma in response to dehydration. Within most anurans, natural response to AVT is conservation of water by the kidneys, enlargement of epithelial intercellular spaces, and increased permeability of the skin, along with additional neurological responses. Periodically catheterized specimens of the toad Bufo americanus and the Leopard Frog (Rana pipiens) were subjected to intraperinoneal bolus injections of AVT. Total body weight was monitored to quantify percent body weight gain of cutaneous water flux. Urine samples were examined for changes in osmolarity. Effects of single bolus injections of AVT dissipated after approximately 1hr. Total body weight gain (TBWG) percentage values indicated that there was a significant difference (P
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Volume 6, Spring 2008 - Saddleback College

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