Volume 6, Spring 2008 - Saddleback College

Fall 2007 Biology 3A Abstracts
Food preference and required nutrition
change over the course of fish development and
the types of food that are beneficial for the
growing juvenile fish may not essentially be
beneficial for the adult (Lovell, 1991). Aside
from the purpose of determining the best food
source, future experiments might include
studying the difference in nutritional
requirements of juvenile and adult goldfish to
determine whether assimilation rates or
absorption efficiencies vary between the two
groups.
Literature Cited
Bandyopadhyay, P, Swain, S, and Mishra, S (2005).
Growth and dietary utilization in goldfish fed
diets formulated with various local agro-produces.
BioResource Technology. 96: 731-740.
Cacho, O, Kinnucan, H, and Hatch, U (1991).
Optimal control of fish growth. American Journal
of Agricultural Economics. 73(1): 174-183.
Garling, D, and Wilson, R (1977). Optimum
dietary protein to energy ratio for channel catfish
fingerlings, Ictalurus punctatus. Journal of
Nutrition. 106(9): 1368-1375.
Kaiser, H, Endemann, F, and Paulet, T (2003). A
comparison of artificial and natural foods and
their combinations in the rearing of goldfish.
Aquaculture Research. 34: 943-950.
Lopez, R (2006). Exploring the assimilation rate of
goldfish: a comparison of protein and
carbohydrate diets. Biology Journal. 1: 273-282.
Lovell, R (1991). Nutrition of aquaculture species.
Journal of Animal Science. 69(10): 4193-4200.
Lovell, T (1998). Nutrition and feeding of fish.
Massachusetts, US: Kluwer Academic Publishers.
266p.
Priestley, S, Stevenson, A, and Alexander, A
(2006). Growth rate and body condition in
relation to group size in black widow Tetras
(Gymnocorymbus ternetzi) and common Goldfish
(Carrasius auratus). Journal of Nutrition. 136(7):
2078S-2080S.
Smith, M.W (1966). Influence of temperature
acclimatization on sodium-glucose interactions in the
goldfish intestine. Journal of Physiology. 182: 574-
590.
Tan, Q, Xie, S, Zhu, X, Lei, W and Yang, Y
(2007). Effect of dietary carbohydrate-to-lipid
ratios on growth and feed utilization in Chinese
longsnout catfish (eiocassis longirostris). J. Appl.
Ichthyol. 23: 605-610
The Effect of a Lactate Supplement on Maximal Cycling Performance in Man
Kyle Lutz and John I. Miller
Department of Biological Sciences
Saddleback College
Mission Viejo, CA 92692
High lactate concentrations have traditionally been considered a causative factor in
muscle fatigue during strenuous exercise in man. Recent research has challenged this view.
A lactate supplement (SportLegs®) claims to increase time until fatigue in strenuous
activity. Our study seeks to determine if supplementation with lactate before strenuous
activity will increase time until fatigue in cyclists. Cycle power and time to failure were
measured in two trials: the first unsupplemented and the second supplemented. Mean time
to fatigue in trial 1 was 14.1 minutes and in trial 2 was 14.0 minutes. The supplement did
however increase time to peak lactate production. Other studies have shown that high
lactate concentrations have an insignificant effect on muscle fatigue and that other factors
may be more important (Nielson 2003, Bangsbo 1992). We found that there was no
significant difference in time to fatigue or maximum power output between cyclists taking
the lactate supplement and those that did not. Our results strengthen the notion that
lactate has a minimal effect on muscle fatigue.
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Saddleback Journal of Biology
Spring 2008