Volume 6, Spring 2008 - Saddleback College

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Fall 2007 Biology 3A Abstracts Sierpina, Victor S., Bernd Wollschlaeger, and Mark Blumenthal. (2003) Ginkgo Biloba.(Complementary and Alternative Medicine)(Health Benefits and Dosage Information), American Family Physician, Expanded Academic ASAP. < http://find.galegroup.com/ips/start.do?prodId=IPS> 90 Saddleback Journal of Biology Spring 2008
Fall 2007 Biology 3A Abstracts Increased performance level due to carbohydrate vs. carbohydrate-protein composition in sports drinks Catherine Pearson Department of Biological Science Saddleback College Mission Viejo, CA 92692 This study tested the effects of carbohydrates and proteins on performance and exhaustion levels during strenuous cycling exercise. Four male participants were tested, all in good athletic shape. All four participants tested for each liquid (water, Original Gatorade, Accelerade and Cytomax), cycling outdoors for 2 hours straight and recording data each half hour. Their distance traveled, ounces of liquid consumed and perceived exertion levels were recorded every half hour. After the data was collected, a single-factor ANOVA was used for statistical analysis of the average distance traveled and the average ounces of liquid consumed. The P values for each liquid were over 0.05 and therefore did not show statistical significance for any of the four liquids. Even though the tests were not statistically significant, there were slight changes in exhaustion levels between each liquid and participants did feel a difference in overall physical effect. The results of this study did not support the previous carbohydrate-protein studies that showed a significant increase in performance when protein was included in the sports drink formula. Introduction With the growing concern for health and fitness these days, the sports drink industry has become very competitive. Instead of water, there is now an abundant amount of specialized drinks that key into energy, endurance and re-hydration. Beyond the obvious benefits of hydration, water just doesn’t seem to cut it these days in the fitness world. What is so different and special about the various sports drinks available today? This study explored that question, especially concentrating on the difference between carbohydrate only sports drinks compared to carbohydrate-protein sports drinks. These ingredients in sports drinks (sodium, carbohydrate and proteins) have been shown to aid in the body’s recovery rate and endurance level during and after exercise. Godfrey et al. tested the impact of ultra-purified water on a 40 km cycling trial and the results supported the importance of electrolyte and carbohydrate infused drinks. After testing 8 highly trained athletes during four 40 km trials of cycling the performance enhanced as a result of ingesting Penta[R] (purified water which included carbohydrates and electrolytes) compared with tap water (Godfrey et al., 2005). A study done at St. Cloud University in 2006 tested the effects of Accelerade, Gatorade and water after exercise (Cycling), focusing on the difference of the carbohydrate only drink (Gatorade) compared to the carbohydrate-protein drink 91 Saddleback Journal of Biology Spring 2008 (Accelerade). This study concluded that Accelerade was 15% more effective in re-hydration than Gatorade, and 40% more effective than water (Seifert et al., 2005) Athletes usually consume carbohydrate-rich food because the body metabolizes faster when exercising. Carbohydrates provide the fuel necessary for muscle contraction and prevent the body from breaking down proteins to be used for energy. Along with carbohydrates, proteins are a crucial part of athletes’ diet. Proteins help to build and repair muscle tissue in athletes along with increasing carbohydrate storage in the form of glycogen. During exercise, the main goal for nutrient consumption is to replace lost fluid and maintain carbohydrate levels or blood glucose levels. (CJDPR, 2000) Ivy et al. tested 9 cyclists with 3 different liquids solutions consisting of a placebo, a carbohydrate solution and a carbohydrate-protein solution. This study demonstrated increasing plasma glucose and insulin levels during prolonged exercise reduced the loss of muscle glycogen and increased endurance. The results of this study showed an enhanced endurance performance with the carbohydrate-protein solution compared to the placebo and carbohydrate only solution (Ivy et al., 2003). An additional study was conducted at Springfield College that tested CHO (carbohydrate) solutions against CHO- PRO (carbohydrate-protein) solutions with ten male runners. This study resulted in the CHO-PRO drink
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Volume 6, Spring 2008 - Saddleback College

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