Volume 6, Spring 2008 - Saddleback College

Fall 2007 Biology 3A Abstracts
listed below in table 3 for the calories output,
average heart rate, and peak heart rate.
It was found that the protein enhanced
sports drink increased 9.2% of calorie outputs.
The effect of sports drink to improve the fitness
performance, i.e. the reduction of average heart
rate, was observed; however, the value, 1.0%,
was small. These two observations showed the
carbohydrate only and the protein enhanced
sports drinks enhanced the exercise performance.
For the negative effect, the vitamin enhanced
water decreased the energy output by 6.8% while
raising the peak heart rate for 2.7%. For the peak
heart rates, the differences range from 1.8% to
14% for the three drinks when being compared
with water.
The single factor analysis of variance
(ANOVA) was used to identify the difference
among drinks for the three fitness indexes. The F
values were listed in table 4, indicating that the
difference existed in the calorie output for drinks
tested while no difference was observed for other
two indexes about heart rates. This insignificance
on peak heart rated illustrated that drinking
different fluids did not drastically change the
intensity of exercise. The post hoc analysis was
adopted to detect the significance of difference
for water and the drinks in the calorie output.
The t values were listed in table 5, demonstrating
that no statistical significance was found
between water and each of the drinks studied for
all the fitness indexes.
Calorie Output (kcal)
290
280
270
260
250
240
230
220
210
200
Water Sports Drinks Enhanced Water Protein Drinks
Drink Type
Figure 1. The calories outputs for four drinks.
The three bars of each drink from left to right are
for the three participants (#1, #2, and #3).
Average Heart Rate (BPM)
200
190
180
170
160
150
140
130
120
110
100
Water Sports Drinks Enhanced Water Protein Drinks
Drink Type
Figure 2. The average heart rates for four drinks.
The three bars of each drink from left to right are
for the three participants (#1, #2, and #3).
Peak Heart Rate (BPM)
200
190
180
170
160
150
140
130
120
110
100
Water Sports Drinks Enhanced Water Protein Drinks
Drink Type
Figure 3. The peak heart rates for four drinks.
The three bars of each drink from left to right are
for three participants (#1, #2, and #3).
Calories Average HR Peak HR
Mean ∆P% Mean ∆P% Mean ∆P%
Bottled
Water 246.33 135.67 152.33
Sports
Drink 251.67 2.2 134.33 -1.0 155.00 1.8
Enhanced
Water 229.67 -6.8 139.33 2.7 163.00 7.0
Protein
Drink 269.00 9.2 140.00 3.2 174.67 14.7
Table 3, Fitness performance analysis: mean and
the deviation (difference of percentage from the
baseline)
Calorie Average HR Peak HR
6.911
0.073
0.408
(Yes)
(No)
(No)
Table 4, F statistics of ANOVA and statistical
significance for fitness Data. The F-value,
f(0.05,3,8)=4.066
Calorie Average HR Peak HR
Sports Drink 0.613
(No)
0.092
(No)
0.120
(No)
Enhanced
Water
2.221
(No)
0.253
(No)
0.481
(No)
Protein Drink 2.600
(No)
0.299
(No)
1.007
(No)
96
Saddleback Journal of Biology
Spring 2008