Assessment of Conversion Technologies for Bioalcohol Fuel ...

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eportedly been tested successfully at the laboratory scale. Plans for a pilot-scale facility are being developed. Augmentation of the process with special enzymes has also been studied in conjunction with NREL and other organizations. Xethanol has reportedly secured an agreement for licensing the Virginia Tech process. In addition, the company has entered into a CRADA with the U.S. Forest Service Forest Products Laboratory (FPL) for eventual application of an advanced strain of ethanol processing yeast being developed by FPL at its Madison WI lab. Future Development Plans–Xethanol has described plans for a number of additional ethanol production facilities using various technology approaches and feedstocks. One project, a joint venture with Renewable Spirits LLC, is proposed in Bartow, Florida, and would begin using waste citrus peels as feedstock. Xethanol has also acquired a former fiberboard plant in Spring Hope, N.C., where it intends to set up a pilot plant for its process, reportedly scheduled for completion in 2007. 94
CATEGORY IX - BIOCHEMICAL PROCESSES USING ENZYME HYDROLYSIS AND FERMENTATION Abengoa S.A., Sevilla, Spain Organizational Background–Abengoa S.A. is a Spanish company with a presence in over 70 countries, including the U.S. Abengoa operates business units related to: solar, bioenergy, environmental services, information technology, and industrial engineering and construction. Abengoa’s subsidiary, Abengoa Bioenergy Corporation, formed in 2003 and headquartered in St. Louis, MO, owns and operates several U.S. corn-to-ethanol plants. Abengoa also has a major ongoing corporate effort to develop technology for production of ethanol from cellulosic biomass. Technology Characteristics–Abengoa is developing a novel biomass-to-ethanol process, shown in Figure A15, with emphasis on thermochemical fractionation and enzymatic hydrolysis to release these sugars for ethanol fermentation. In addition, Abengoa is studying various routes for thermochemical conversion of the biomass, with the goal of selecting the technology with the most promising technical and economical attributes. The company is also considering using thermochemical conversion of waste to generate syngas. This syngas will be used in a reciprocating engines/generator to produce electricity and heat for the biorefinery. Development Status–Abengoa is conducting a multi-stage technology effort for the development of the biomass-to-ethanol process technologies. Following laboratory and bench-scale testing, the company is building a 1.2 ton/day pilot facility at its existing York, NE ethanol plant to evaluate an integrated bioprocess under a current USDOE award. The company is also in the process of building a 77 ton per day demonstration plant at the site of its existing conventional ethanol plant in Salamanca, Spain. This demonstration plant, with a capacity of 5 million liters of ethanol per year, is scheduled to begin operation during the second half of 2007. The company has further plans to build a larger commercial-scale demonstration plant in Kansas. In February 2007, Abengoa was awarded a U.S. DOE grant of up to $76 million for the latter project. Future Plans–Abengoa is evaluating several sites for its planned project in Kansas, which will reportedly cost $300 million. This plant is planned to produce up to 15 million gallons of ethanol per year using 700 tons per day of corn stover, wheat straw, milo stubble, switchgrass, and other feedstocks. The cellulosic ethanol production will be combined with a conventional ethanol plant planned to produce an additional 85 million gallons per year. Process energy for the entire facility will be obtained via biomass gasification. The facility is scheduled to be in operation in late 2010. Based on the operations and scale-up of the aforementioned plant, AB plans to design a 2000 dry metric ton per day system. This technology wil deployed at AB’s existing 95
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Northern California Rice field Asse
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APPENDIX 1. TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPER PR
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LIST OF TABLES Table 1-Categories o
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INTRODUCTION The State of Californi
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY This report provi
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distributed production of bioalcoho
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from corn, sugarcane and other suga
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Table 1-Categories of Biomass Conve
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SECTION 2 - PAST CALIFORNIA BIOMASS
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the technological approach was too
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conversion technology at NREL, prep
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will use matching funds from the U.
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Report: Feasibility Study for Rice
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Environmental issues Market issues
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Presentation: Collins Pine Cogenera
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Syngas Production The thermochemica
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Alcohol Synthesis The direct synthe
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SECTION 4 - BIOCHEMICAL TECHNOLOGIE
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Feedstock Pretreatment There are a
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Achieving such cost reductions woul
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Another novel approach to bioalcoho
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have been run for a sufficient time
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concerns. This evaluation determine
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The data in Table 5 are based upon
Page 49 and 50: Thermochemical System (Electricity)
Page 51 and 52: SECTION 8 - OPPORTUNITIES AND CHALL
Page 53 and 54: For all of the biomass resource cat
Page 55 and 56: The above CEC and CBC inventories o
Page 57 and 58: Economic and Institutional Challeng
Page 59 and 60: SECTION 9 - GOVERNMENT ROLES AND IN
Page 61 and 62: SECTION 10 - CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMM
Page 63 and 64: initial attractive application may
Page 65 and 66: SECTION 11 - REFERENCES Barrett, J.
Page 67 and 68: Collaborative, California Energy Co
Page 69 and 70: CATEGORY 1-THERMOCHEMICAL PROCESSES
Page 71 and 72: and CO at the compression stage. Th
Page 73 and 74: Range Fuels, Inc., Denver, Colorado
Page 75 and 76: CATEGORY II-THERMOCHEMICAL PROCESSE
Page 77 and 78: Figure A4. Enerkem Process Diagram
Page 79 and 80: The slag leaves the gasifier and is
Page 81 and 82: Figure A6. Thermogenics, Inc., Tech
Page 83 and 84: CATEGORY VIII-BIOCHEMICAL PROCESSES
Page 85 and 86: Figure A8. BlueFire Arkenol Technol
Page 87 and 88: Figure A9. BEI Process Celunol Corp
Page 89 and 90: support systems and using the conve
Page 91 and 92: several years ago, HFTA has been wi
Page 93 and 94: Figure A11. Losonoco Wood-to-Ethano
Page 95 and 96: OxyNol process. TVA is decommission
Page 97 and 98: Technology Characteristics-The biom
Page 99: Figure A14. PEC Biomass-to-Ethanol
Page 103 and 104: Richland Washington, with U.S. DOE
Page 105 and 106: construction of which could begin i
Page 107 and 108: Figure A16. Iogen Biomass-to-Ethano
Page 109 and 110: commercialize a biomass-to-ethanol
Page 111 and 112: developed by CBE, is used to separa
Page 113 and 114: Figure A19. DuPont Process BioGasol
Page 115 and 116: Technology Characteristics-The Swan
Page 117 and 118: CATEGORY X-OTHER BIOLOGICAL PROCESS
Page 119 and 120: CATEGORY XI-INTEGRATED BIOREFINERY
Page 121 and 122: CATEGORY XII-FERMENTATION OF SYNGAS
Page 123 and 124: APPENDIX 2. CALIFORNIA ETHANOL PROD
Page 125: Proposed Advanced Technology (Cellu
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