Assessment of Conversion Technologies for Bioalcohol Fuel ...

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In 2000, Arkenol entered into a cooperative agreement with JGC Corp. of Yokohama, Japan. With funding from the Japanese New Energy Development Organization (NEDO), JGC first constructed and operated a 2 tons-per-day pilot test of the Arkenol process for two years at JGC’s research center in Oharai, Japan, which demonstrated the ability of the Arkenol technology to produce fermentable sugars. This led to an expanded (up to 5 tons-per-day) pilot facility built and operated in conjunction with an existing conventional ethanol plant in Izumi Japan from 2002 to 2006. The Izumi pilot project involved a fully integrated demonstration of all Arkenol process components, producing ethanol for use in a Japanese government vehicle test program. Lignin combustion testing, involving 4 tons of lignin fuel, was also reportedly conducted. Among the biomass feedstock materials said to have been tested with the Arkenol process in the Japanese pilot projects are: rice straw, wheat straw, wood wastes, green wastes, MSW, paper, residuals from Materials Recovery Facilities (MRFs), and sugarcane bagasse. Future Development Plans–BlueFire has partnered with Waste Management, Inc., a major U.S. waste management firm to develop plans for a series of projects intended to produce ethanol from urban green waste at the partner company’s landfil disposal sites. The first of these projects, planned for a Southern California landfill site, would be designed to process 700 metric tons per day of material and produce 19 million gallons of ethanol per year. In February 2007, Blue Fire was awarded a grant by the U.S. DOE for up to $40 million for this project. BlueFire is pursuing the remaining funding and selecting equipment vendors and engineering providers for this project and, subject to obtaining pending regulatory approvals, hopes to break ground in 2007. Further projects at additional MSW landfill sites and at other possible venues involving agricultural and forestry biomass feedstocks are also being explored. The California Energy Commission awarded BlueFire a grant in April 2007 to support the company’s technology development. 78
Figure A8. BlueFire Arkenol Technology Blue Fire Ethanol, Inc., all rights reserved Bioenergy International, LLC, Norwell, Massachusetts Organizational Background–BioEnergy International, LLC is a privately held biotechnology company, founded by the former principals of BC International Corporation (BCI). BCI, a former technology development company, pursued an acid hydrolysis-based technology during the 1990s that was originally intended to be applied in the Gridley and Collins Pine biomass-to-ethanol projects in California. BioEnergy International has ongoing development activities aimed at ethanol production from cellulosic materials. Meanwhile, the company is pursuing conventional corn-to-ethanol projects in Louisiana and Pennsylvania. Technology Characteristics–BioEnergy's research and development is said to be focused on the early commercialization of products produced by microbial fermentations of sugars derived from biomass. The company has entered into agreements with the University of Florida involving various aspects of biochemical conversion process research and development, including: organisms modified to ferment all sugars derived from biomass to produce selected specialty chemicals; the process technology for genetically engineering the organisms; the development of the organisms for commercialization, excluding ethanol. 79
Page 1 and 2:
Northern California Rice field Asse
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APPENDIX 1. TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPER PR
Page 5 and 6:
LIST OF TABLES Table 1-Categories o
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INTRODUCTION The State of Californi
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY This report provi
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distributed production of bioalcoho
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from corn, sugarcane and other suga
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Table 1-Categories of Biomass Conve
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SECTION 2 - PAST CALIFORNIA BIOMASS
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the technological approach was too
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conversion technology at NREL, prep
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will use matching funds from the U.
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Report: Feasibility Study for Rice
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Environmental issues Market issues
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Presentation: Collins Pine Cogenera
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Syngas Production The thermochemica
Page 33 and 34: Alcohol Synthesis The direct synthe
Page 35 and 36: SECTION 4 - BIOCHEMICAL TECHNOLOGIE
Page 37 and 38: Feedstock Pretreatment There are a
Page 39 and 40: Achieving such cost reductions woul
Page 41 and 42: Another novel approach to bioalcoho
Page 43 and 44: have been run for a sufficient time
Page 45 and 46: concerns. This evaluation determine
Page 47 and 48: The data in Table 5 are based upon
Page 49 and 50: Thermochemical System (Electricity)
Page 51 and 52: SECTION 8 - OPPORTUNITIES AND CHALL
Page 53 and 54: For all of the biomass resource cat
Page 55 and 56: The above CEC and CBC inventories o
Page 57 and 58: Economic and Institutional Challeng
Page 59 and 60: SECTION 9 - GOVERNMENT ROLES AND IN
Page 61 and 62: SECTION 10 - CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMM
Page 63 and 64: initial attractive application may
Page 65 and 66: SECTION 11 - REFERENCES Barrett, J.
Page 67 and 68: Collaborative, California Energy Co
Page 69 and 70: CATEGORY 1-THERMOCHEMICAL PROCESSES
Page 71 and 72: and CO at the compression stage. Th
Page 73 and 74: Range Fuels, Inc., Denver, Colorado
Page 75 and 76: CATEGORY II-THERMOCHEMICAL PROCESSE
Page 77 and 78: Figure A4. Enerkem Process Diagram
Page 79 and 80: The slag leaves the gasifier and is
Page 81 and 82: Figure A6. Thermogenics, Inc., Tech
Page 83: CATEGORY VIII-BIOCHEMICAL PROCESSES
Page 87 and 88: Figure A9. BEI Process Celunol Corp
Page 89 and 90: support systems and using the conve
Page 91 and 92: several years ago, HFTA has been wi
Page 93 and 94: Figure A11. Losonoco Wood-to-Ethano
Page 95 and 96: OxyNol process. TVA is decommission
Page 97 and 98: Technology Characteristics-The biom
Page 99 and 100: Figure A14. PEC Biomass-to-Ethanol
Page 101 and 102: CATEGORY IX - BIOCHEMICAL PROCESSES
Page 103 and 104: Richland Washington, with U.S. DOE
Page 105 and 106: construction of which could begin i
Page 107 and 108: Figure A16. Iogen Biomass-to-Ethano
Page 109 and 110: commercialize a biomass-to-ethanol
Page 111 and 112: developed by CBE, is used to separa
Page 113 and 114: Figure A19. DuPont Process BioGasol
Page 115 and 116: Technology Characteristics-The Swan
Page 117 and 118: CATEGORY X-OTHER BIOLOGICAL PROCESS
Page 119 and 120: CATEGORY XI-INTEGRATED BIOREFINERY
Page 121 and 122: CATEGORY XII-FERMENTATION OF SYNGAS
Page 123 and 124: APPENDIX 2. CALIFORNIA ETHANOL PROD
Page 125: Proposed Advanced Technology (Cellu
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