Undetermined viability <strong>of</strong> other potential ethanol fuel markets such as diesel engines, aviation fuels, and fuel cell vehicles These market uncertainties <strong>for</strong> ethanol are amplified with respect to other alcohol fuels and mixed alcohol products. The prospective advantages <strong>of</strong> mixed alcohol fuels from a production standpoint would require equivalent market-side advancement in order to make this a viable technology approach. 52
SECTION 9 - GOVERNMENT ROLES AND INITIATIVES A number <strong>of</strong> federal government programs have been initiated to accelerate the development <strong>of</strong> domestic, renewable alternatives to gasoline and diesel fuels. USDOE’s Advanced Energy Initiative was set up to make celulosic ethanol costcompetitive so that this renewable fuel could potentially displace up to 30% <strong>of</strong> the current transportation fuel used in the US. DOE recently announced (DOE, Feb. 28, 2007) an investment <strong>of</strong> up to $385 million <strong>for</strong> the demonstration and deployment <strong>of</strong> six thermochemical and biochemical conversion technologies in Cali<strong>for</strong>nia, Florida, Georgia, Idaho, Iowa and Kansas. Pr<strong>of</strong>iles <strong>for</strong> the six grant recipients (Abengoa, ALICO, Blue Fire Ethanol, Broin, Iogen and Range <strong>Fuel</strong>s) are included in Appendix I. The investment in these six technologies is projected to total more than $1.2 billion over the next four years. These DOE programs will provide a significant boost to the advancement <strong>of</strong> such conversion technologies. The Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) has also appropriated $2.0 Billion <strong>for</strong> clean and renewable energy R&D in 2007 and proposed $14.0 Billion <strong>for</strong> 2008. On October 13, 2006, the USDA and USDOE announced $17.5 million in grants <strong>for</strong> 17 research, development and demonstration projects that will help make biobased fuels cost competitive with fossil fuels in the commercial market. The State <strong>of</strong> Cali<strong>for</strong>nia is also stepping up its support <strong>for</strong> bioenergy development. This includes new CEC research and development programs to help advance the demonstration and deployment <strong>of</strong> biomass-to-alcohol and other bi<strong>of</strong>uel production technologies in the state. Three grants totaling $3 million were awarded in April 2007 by the Commission’s Public Interest Energy Research (PIER) Program <strong>for</strong> R&D projects involving thermochemical and biochemical technologies. In 2006, CA Governor Schwarzenegger issued Executive Order S-06-06 to help Cali<strong>for</strong>nia meet future needs <strong>for</strong> clean, renewable energy, and calling <strong>for</strong> actions by the state to meet targets <strong>for</strong> in-state production <strong>of</strong> bi<strong>of</strong>uels and biopower. In response to this Executive Order, the CEC, in conjunction with the Cali<strong>for</strong>nia Biomass Collaborative at U.C. Davis, has prepared a roadmap <strong>for</strong> biomass research and development. In March <strong>of</strong> 2006, the Governor asked the Bioenergy Interagency Working Group (Working Group) to make recommendations <strong>for</strong> near-term state government actions to increase the use <strong>of</strong> biomass resources. The Working Group consists <strong>of</strong> the CEC and includes the Air Resources Board (CARB), Cali<strong>for</strong>nia Environmental Protection Agency (Cal/EPA), Cali<strong>for</strong>nia Public Utilities Commission, Cali<strong>for</strong>nia Resources Agency, Department <strong>of</strong> Food and Agriculture, Department <strong>of</strong> Forestry and Fire Protection, Department <strong>of</strong> General Services, Integrated Waste Management Board, and the State Water Resources Control Board. The Bioenergy Action Plan (CEC 2006) has the following policy objectives: 53
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Northern California Rice field Asse
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APPENDIX 1. TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPER PR
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LIST OF TABLES Table 1-Categories o
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commercialize a biomass-to-ethanol
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developed by CBE, is used to separa
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Figure A19. DuPont Process BioGasol
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Technology Characteristics-The Swan
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CATEGORY X-OTHER BIOLOGICAL PROCESS
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CATEGORY XI-INTEGRATED BIOREFINERY
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CATEGORY XII-FERMENTATION OF SYNGAS
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APPENDIX 2. CALIFORNIA ETHANOL PROD
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Proposed Advanced Technology (Cellu
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