Assessment of Conversion Technologies for Bioalcohol Fuel ...

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Report: Proposed Gridley Ethanol Facility Phase I Feasibility Study Draft, Task 6.6 Environmental Evaluation, prepared by TSS Consultants, Letter Subcontract No. PS-026443 to NREL Subcontract No. ZCG 6-15143-01, Under DOE Prime Contract No. DE-AC36-83CH10093, August 1996 Report: Feasibility Study for Rice Straw-To-Ethanol in Gridley, California Phase I Summary; prepared by Stone & Webster Engineering Corporation, NREL Subcontract No. ZCG 6-15143-01, Under DOE Prime Contract No. DE-AC36- 83CH10093, March 1996 Presentation: Feasibility Study for Rice Straw-to-Ethanol Production in Gridley California; prepared by Stone & Webster Engineering Corporation, March 1996 Technical Proposal: Feasibility Study for City of Gridley Agrifuels and Chemicals, Gridley, California; prepared by Stone & Webster Engineering Corporation for NREL, July 1995 Collins Pine Cogeneration Project The Collins Pine Cogeneration Project was an offshoot of the Northeastern California Ethanol Manufacturing Feasibility Study (1997) prepared for the Quincy Library Group (QLG). The QLG was formed in the early 1990’s as an atempt to bring together competing forces in regards to forest management in the Plumas, Lassen, and Tahoe National Forests of California. The proposed forest resource management activities by the QLG were federally legislated by the Quincy Library Group Forest Recovery and Economic Stability Act of 1997. This federal legislation was intended to reduce the risk of catastrophic wildfire in the northern Sierra Nevada forests. In response to growing concerns regarding how biomass resources are managed and how catastrophic fire could be reduce or avoided, the QLG put forth a plan to reduce fire danger by removing biomass from the forest to fuel an ethanol cogeneration facility. The QLG, together with U.S. Department of Energy, NREL, and other project partners, initiated a study to determine the economic, environmental, and regulatory feasibility of a facility designed to process forestry wastes into ethanol. Four proposed sites were evaluated for such a project, located in or near the Sierra Nevada California communities of Westwood, Chester, Greenvile, and Loyalton. The Quincy Project’s seven major tasks are listed below: Feedstock supply and delivery systems Site selection Design and cost estimates Financial evaluation and sensitivity analysis 20
Environmental issues Market issues Socioeconomic impacts The conclusion of the work done by the stakeholders indicated that there was adequate feedstock to support a biomass to ethanol project. The selection of Chester, California and the existing Collins PineCompanies’ saw mill site spurred the funding of further feasibility assessments from 1998 to 2001. These efforts were funded by the CEC and the U.S. Department of Energy. During 1998 to 2001, the CEC co-funded the economic and technical feasibility study of integrating a biomass to ethanol facility with the existing Collins Pine plant in Chester. This sawmill includes an existing boiler system using fuel from sawmill operations to produce process heat and electricity. The proposed CEC-funded project was to prepare a feasibility study similar to the GEP to determine the economic and technical feasibility of producing 20 million gallons per year of ethanol using forest remediation (thinning the forest to reduce wildfire danger) and wood wastes as feedstock. Specific technical and economic goals of the Collins Pines ethanol project set forth by the CEC were: Determine whether the ethanol facility can produce up to 20 million gallons per year of ethanol from softwood feedstock using the BCI acid hydrolysis technology. Determine whether lignin from the ethanol facility can partially displace the existing fuel of Collins Pine biomass power plant by 30 percent to 60 percent. Reduce the cost of electricity production at the Collins Pine biomass power plant by at least 1.5 cents/kWh. Identify at least one co-product, other than lignin or ethanol, which can be produced by the ethanol facility and has a value of at least $2/pound. A Phase I work plan, similar to the GEP was conducted to ascertain the preliminary feasibility of producing ethanol and power at the Collins Pines, Chester facility. BC International of Dedham, Massachusetts, the same technology supplier as the GEP (described above) was to conduct testing of wood waste at its Jennings, LA test facility. However, the project was terminated before this was completed. The CEC issued a stop work order in September 2001 upon determination by CEC project management that progress and performance by some of the key participants was not fulfilling project objectives. 21
Page 1 and 2: Northern California Rice field Asse
Page 3 and 4: APPENDIX 1. TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPER PR
Page 5 and 6: LIST OF TABLES Table 1-Categories o
Page 7 and 8: INTRODUCTION The State of Californi
Page 9 and 10: EXECUTIVE SUMMARY This report provi
Page 11 and 12: distributed production of bioalcoho
Page 13 and 14: from corn, sugarcane and other suga
Page 15 and 16: Table 1-Categories of Biomass Conve
Page 17 and 18: SECTION 2 - PAST CALIFORNIA BIOMASS
Page 19 and 20: the technological approach was too
Page 21 and 22: conversion technology at NREL, prep
Page 23 and 24: will use matching funds from the U.
Page 25: Report: Feasibility Study for Rice
Page 29 and 30: Presentation: Collins Pine Cogenera
Page 31 and 32: Syngas Production The thermochemica
Page 33 and 34: Alcohol Synthesis The direct synthe
Page 35 and 36: SECTION 4 - BIOCHEMICAL TECHNOLOGIE
Page 37 and 38: Feedstock Pretreatment There are a
Page 39 and 40: Achieving such cost reductions woul
Page 41 and 42: Another novel approach to bioalcoho
Page 43 and 44: have been run for a sufficient time
Page 45 and 46: concerns. This evaluation determine
Page 47 and 48: The data in Table 5 are based upon
Page 49 and 50: Thermochemical System (Electricity)
Page 51 and 52: SECTION 8 - OPPORTUNITIES AND CHALL
Page 53 and 54: For all of the biomass resource cat
Page 55 and 56: The above CEC and CBC inventories o
Page 57 and 58: Economic and Institutional Challeng
Page 59 and 60: SECTION 9 - GOVERNMENT ROLES AND IN
Page 61 and 62: SECTION 10 - CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMM
Page 63 and 64: initial attractive application may
Page 65 and 66: SECTION 11 - REFERENCES Barrett, J.
Page 67 and 68: Collaborative, California Energy Co
Page 69 and 70: CATEGORY 1-THERMOCHEMICAL PROCESSES
Page 71 and 72: and CO at the compression stage. Th
Page 73 and 74: Range Fuels, Inc., Denver, Colorado
Page 75 and 76: CATEGORY II-THERMOCHEMICAL PROCESSE
Page 77 and 78:
Figure A4. Enerkem Process Diagram
Page 79 and 80:
The slag leaves the gasifier and is
Page 81 and 82:
Figure A6. Thermogenics, Inc., Tech
Page 83 and 84:
CATEGORY VIII-BIOCHEMICAL PROCESSES
Page 85 and 86:
Figure A8. BlueFire Arkenol Technol
Page 87 and 88:
Figure A9. BEI Process Celunol Corp
Page 89 and 90:
support systems and using the conve
Page 91 and 92:
several years ago, HFTA has been wi
Page 93 and 94:
Figure A11. Losonoco Wood-to-Ethano
Page 95 and 96:
OxyNol process. TVA is decommission
Page 97 and 98:
Technology Characteristics-The biom
Page 99 and 100:
Figure A14. PEC Biomass-to-Ethanol
Page 101 and 102:
CATEGORY IX - BIOCHEMICAL PROCESSES
Page 103 and 104:
Richland Washington, with U.S. DOE
Page 105 and 106:
construction of which could begin i
Page 107 and 108:
Figure A16. Iogen Biomass-to-Ethano
Page 109 and 110:
commercialize a biomass-to-ethanol
Page 111 and 112:
developed by CBE, is used to separa
Page 113 and 114:
Figure A19. DuPont Process BioGasol
Page 115 and 116:
Technology Characteristics-The Swan
Page 117 and 118:
CATEGORY X-OTHER BIOLOGICAL PROCESS
Page 119 and 120:
CATEGORY XI-INTEGRATED BIOREFINERY
Page 121 and 122:
CATEGORY XII-FERMENTATION OF SYNGAS
Page 123 and 124:
APPENDIX 2. CALIFORNIA ETHANOL PROD
Page 125:
Proposed Advanced Technology (Cellu
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