Assessment of Conversion Technologies for Bioalcohol Fuel ...

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agasse, and hard wood chips. Soft wood is not considered compatible with the process. Feedstock with at least 60 percent carbohydrate content is said to be required for Iogen’s process. Iogen claims to have completed analyses of its process energy balance and of criteria that include air pollutant emissions, greenhouse gas emissions, and wastewater effluents and solid wastes; however the results are maintained as confidential information. The company does indicate that ethanol produced by its process results in more than an 80 percent reduction in greenhouse gas emissions compared to gasoline. Production cost estimates and other economic analysis of Iogen’s technology is also confidential. Development Status–Iogen and its partners and sponsors have reportedly invested some $135 million in its biomass-to-ethanol process development to date, including about $18 million of Canadian Government funding. Following laboratory and benchscale testing, a one ton-per-day pilot plant was initially operated beginning in 1983. The current demonstration-scale (or “semi-works”) facility, which produced its first cellulosic ethanol in April 2004, was built at a reported cost of $45 million. This facility is capable of processing about 30 tons of dry wheat straw per day and producing about 2.5 million liters of ethanol per year (63 gallons/dry ton). The Canadian Government announced in February 2007 that it would contribute an additional $7.7 million toward a $25.8 million project to upgrade this facility. Future Development Plans–Iogen and its partners have been exploring potential plans in a number of Canadian provinces, U.S. states and other countries for a commercial-scale (or “commercial prototype”) biomass-to-ethanol facility employing its process. Factors considered in site selection include: availability and cost of feedstock; quality of existing local infrastructure; magnitude and timeframe of government policy commitment; and ability to conclude all necessary commercial agreements. Based on these factors, the company has announced a narrowing of locations for this first project to include North Central Saskatchewan, East Central Alberta, Eastern Germany and Southeast Idaho. Following the 2007 U.S. DOE grant award, the Idaho project now appears to have the best prospects, although funding plans for this facility are apparently still to be finalized. Total cost to configure and construct the plant and associated facilities is said to be up to $350 million (U.S.). This facility, planned for a site at Shelley, Idaho, would process 700 dry tons per day of agricultural residues–said to include wheat straw, barley straw, corn stover, switchgrass and rice straw -- producing about 18 million gallons of ethanol per year (71 gallons/dry ton). Final announcement of the project and initiation of construction is expected before the end of 2007. 100
Figure A16. Iogen Biomass-to-Ethanol Process Iogen, all rights reserved PureVision Technology, Inc., Fort Lupton, Colorado Organizational Background–Pure Vision Technology, Inc. (Pure Vision) was established in 1992 as a research and development organization. Pure Vision has its primary research and development laboratories located in Golden, CO at the Hazen Research, Inc. campus. The privately held company owns patented and proprietary biorefinery technology for pre-treating cellulosic biomass for ethanol production. Technology Characteristics–The Pure Vision technology, illustrated in Figure A17, has been developed as a broad technology platform with many applications for different industries. The technology utilizes countercurrent processing in an extruder system to process the feedstock. The first stage of the extruder uses water and acid. The second stage exposes the biomass to an alkali prior to discharge. The reactive fractionation process produces cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin, which can then be further converted to usable products via enzymatic hydrolysis. The cellulose fraction 101
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Northern California Rice field Asse
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APPENDIX 1. TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPER PR
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LIST OF TABLES Table 1-Categories o
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INTRODUCTION The State of Californi
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY This report provi
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distributed production of bioalcoho
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from corn, sugarcane and other suga
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Table 1-Categories of Biomass Conve
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SECTION 2 - PAST CALIFORNIA BIOMASS
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the technological approach was too
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conversion technology at NREL, prep
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will use matching funds from the U.
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Report: Feasibility Study for Rice
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Environmental issues Market issues
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Presentation: Collins Pine Cogenera
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Syngas Production The thermochemica
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Alcohol Synthesis The direct synthe
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SECTION 4 - BIOCHEMICAL TECHNOLOGIE
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Feedstock Pretreatment There are a
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Achieving such cost reductions woul
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Another novel approach to bioalcoho
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have been run for a sufficient time
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concerns. This evaluation determine
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The data in Table 5 are based upon
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Thermochemical System (Electricity)
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SECTION 8 - OPPORTUNITIES AND CHALL
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For all of the biomass resource cat
Page 55 and 56: The above CEC and CBC inventories o
Page 57 and 58: Economic and Institutional Challeng
Page 59 and 60: SECTION 9 - GOVERNMENT ROLES AND IN
Page 61 and 62: SECTION 10 - CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMM
Page 63 and 64: initial attractive application may
Page 65 and 66: SECTION 11 - REFERENCES Barrett, J.
Page 67 and 68: Collaborative, California Energy Co
Page 69 and 70: CATEGORY 1-THERMOCHEMICAL PROCESSES
Page 71 and 72: and CO at the compression stage. Th
Page 73 and 74: Range Fuels, Inc., Denver, Colorado
Page 75 and 76: CATEGORY II-THERMOCHEMICAL PROCESSE
Page 77 and 78: Figure A4. Enerkem Process Diagram
Page 79 and 80: The slag leaves the gasifier and is
Page 81 and 82: Figure A6. Thermogenics, Inc., Tech
Page 83 and 84: CATEGORY VIII-BIOCHEMICAL PROCESSES
Page 85 and 86: Figure A8. BlueFire Arkenol Technol
Page 87 and 88: Figure A9. BEI Process Celunol Corp
Page 89 and 90: support systems and using the conve
Page 91 and 92: several years ago, HFTA has been wi
Page 93 and 94: Figure A11. Losonoco Wood-to-Ethano
Page 95 and 96: OxyNol process. TVA is decommission
Page 97 and 98: Technology Characteristics-The biom
Page 99 and 100: Figure A14. PEC Biomass-to-Ethanol
Page 101 and 102: CATEGORY IX - BIOCHEMICAL PROCESSES
Page 103 and 104: Richland Washington, with U.S. DOE
Page 105: construction of which could begin i
Page 109 and 110: commercialize a biomass-to-ethanol
Page 111 and 112: developed by CBE, is used to separa
Page 113 and 114: Figure A19. DuPont Process BioGasol
Page 115 and 116: Technology Characteristics-The Swan
Page 117 and 118: CATEGORY X-OTHER BIOLOGICAL PROCESS
Page 119 and 120: CATEGORY XI-INTEGRATED BIOREFINERY
Page 121 and 122: CATEGORY XII-FERMENTATION OF SYNGAS
Page 123 and 124: APPENDIX 2. CALIFORNIA ETHANOL PROD
Page 125: Proposed Advanced Technology (Cellu
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