Assessment of Conversion Technologies for Bioalcohol Fuel ...

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Development Status–BioEnergy International claims to be developing a “pipeline of novel biocatalysts”, but has not publicly released information about its curent activities or progress involving development of a cellulosic biomass-to-alcohol process. Future Plans–As it moves forward with its conventional corn-to-ethanol projects, BioEnergy International intends to continue improving its process technology for the production of ethanol from biomass, including the fermentation of sugars generated from the processing of the cellulose components of agricultural wastes, to augment its corn based process technology. The company’s goal is to have this technology ready for commercial deployment at one of its corn-to-ethanol plants by 2008. Brelsford Engineering, Inc., Bozeman, Montana Organizational Background–Brelsford Engineering Inc. (BEI) has developed a cellulosic biomass-to-ethanol technology based on a patented hydrolysis process utilizing dilute acid. Part of BEI’s development eforts have been funded by the Montana Renewable Energy Foundation. BEI’s development originated with a smalscale grain-based ethanol production plant designed, built, and operated for USDOE by EG&G Idaho, Inc. at the Idaho National Engineering Laboratory (INEL) in 1980. It was dismantled in 1982. Subsequently, BEI obtained the complete EG&G Idaho Engineering Designs and Reports. Technology Characteristics–The BEI process, shown in Figure A9, utilizes a dilute acid two-stage plug-flow reactor system. The slurry feedstock is fed into the feed tank, where sulfuric acid is combined with biomass. The slurry goes through a progressive cavity pump to the primary reactor that operates at 135°C. The output of the primary reactor is centrifuged then exposed to fresh sulfuric acid and heat. The feedstock goes through a slurry mixer and then into the secondary reactor, which is kept at 180°C. The slurry is then flashed to lower the temperature. Waste heat is recycled to the primary reactor. The acid and water mixture is then returned to the slurry feed tank where it re-enters the system. The slurry goes back into the primary reactor to produce highly concentrated sugars. The sugars are fermented to produce ethanol. Development Status - BEI has completed bench-scale and pilot-plant testing of its process. However, the results of these tests are not publicly available. The company claims to have tested its process with the following feedstocks: soft and hardwood saw milling wood wastes; wheat and barley straw; corn stover and corn fiber; and municipal refuse-derived cellulose and green wastes. Future Plans–BEI offers for private sale the industrial design of the BEI Cellulose Hydrolysis Processing & Reactor System, along with specifications of available process equipment, instruments and control systems. 80
Figure A9. BEI Process Celunol Corporation, Dedham, Massachusetts Organizational Background–Celunol Corporation, headquartered in Cambridge, Massachusetts, is a privately-held research and development company that previously operated as BC International Corporation (BCI). Celunol, in 1995, (then BCI) secured a license agreement for a biomass-to-ethanol technology, developed at the University of Florida. In February 2007 Celunol announced a merger agreement with San Diego, CA-based Diversa Corporation, a developer and producer of specialty enzymes founded in 1994. Technology Characteristics–The Celunol technology utilizes metabolically engineered microorganisms to ferment sugars to ethanol. The company has genetically engineered strains of Escherichia coli bacteria to be able to ferment a portion of cellulosic based sugars into ethanol. The technology is said to be able to convert almost all the sugars found in cellulosic biomass to ethanol. Development Status–The Company has announced the start-up, as of November 2006, of its pilot facility in Jennings LA. This pilot plant has an initial capacity of 50,000 gallon of ethanol per year, with plans for expansion to 1.4 million gallons per year demonstration facility by the end of 2007. 81
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Northern California Rice field Asse
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APPENDIX 1. TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPER PR
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LIST OF TABLES Table 1-Categories o
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INTRODUCTION The State of Californi
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY This report provi
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distributed production of bioalcoho
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from corn, sugarcane and other suga
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Table 1-Categories of Biomass Conve
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SECTION 2 - PAST CALIFORNIA BIOMASS
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the technological approach was too
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conversion technology at NREL, prep
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will use matching funds from the U.
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Report: Feasibility Study for Rice
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Environmental issues Market issues
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Presentation: Collins Pine Cogenera
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Syngas Production The thermochemica
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Alcohol Synthesis The direct synthe
Page 35 and 36: SECTION 4 - BIOCHEMICAL TECHNOLOGIE
Page 37 and 38: Feedstock Pretreatment There are a
Page 39 and 40: Achieving such cost reductions woul
Page 41 and 42: Another novel approach to bioalcoho
Page 43 and 44: have been run for a sufficient time
Page 45 and 46: concerns. This evaluation determine
Page 47 and 48: The data in Table 5 are based upon
Page 49 and 50: Thermochemical System (Electricity)
Page 51 and 52: SECTION 8 - OPPORTUNITIES AND CHALL
Page 53 and 54: For all of the biomass resource cat
Page 55 and 56: The above CEC and CBC inventories o
Page 57 and 58: Economic and Institutional Challeng
Page 59 and 60: SECTION 9 - GOVERNMENT ROLES AND IN
Page 61 and 62: SECTION 10 - CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMM
Page 63 and 64: initial attractive application may
Page 65 and 66: SECTION 11 - REFERENCES Barrett, J.
Page 67 and 68: Collaborative, California Energy Co
Page 69 and 70: CATEGORY 1-THERMOCHEMICAL PROCESSES
Page 71 and 72: and CO at the compression stage. Th
Page 73 and 74: Range Fuels, Inc., Denver, Colorado
Page 75 and 76: CATEGORY II-THERMOCHEMICAL PROCESSE
Page 77 and 78: Figure A4. Enerkem Process Diagram
Page 79 and 80: The slag leaves the gasifier and is
Page 81 and 82: Figure A6. Thermogenics, Inc., Tech
Page 83 and 84: CATEGORY VIII-BIOCHEMICAL PROCESSES
Page 85: Figure A8. BlueFire Arkenol Technol
Page 89 and 90: support systems and using the conve
Page 91 and 92: several years ago, HFTA has been wi
Page 93 and 94: Figure A11. Losonoco Wood-to-Ethano
Page 95 and 96: OxyNol process. TVA is decommission
Page 97 and 98: Technology Characteristics-The biom
Page 99 and 100: Figure A14. PEC Biomass-to-Ethanol
Page 101 and 102: CATEGORY IX - BIOCHEMICAL PROCESSES
Page 103 and 104: Richland Washington, with U.S. DOE
Page 105 and 106: construction of which could begin i
Page 107 and 108: Figure A16. Iogen Biomass-to-Ethano
Page 109 and 110: commercialize a biomass-to-ethanol
Page 111 and 112: developed by CBE, is used to separa
Page 113 and 114: Figure A19. DuPont Process BioGasol
Page 115 and 116: Technology Characteristics-The Swan
Page 117 and 118: CATEGORY X-OTHER BIOLOGICAL PROCESS
Page 119 and 120: CATEGORY XI-INTEGRATED BIOREFINERY
Page 121 and 122: CATEGORY XII-FERMENTATION OF SYNGAS
Page 123 and 124: APPENDIX 2. CALIFORNIA ETHANOL PROD
Page 125: Proposed Advanced Technology (Cellu
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