Assessment of Conversion Technologies for Bioalcohol Fuel ...
Assessment of Conversion Technologies for Bioalcohol Fuel ...
Assessment of Conversion Technologies for Bioalcohol Fuel ...
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Energy Efficiency (E2)<br />
Thermochemical System (Mixed Alcohols and Electricity)<br />
This Category I technology, when integrated with the Category XIII technology, should<br />
be able to produce 80 gallons/DT <strong>of</strong> bioalcohol fuel (80-85% ethanol/10-15%<br />
methanol), enough electricity and heat to operate the entire plant, and an extra 550<br />
kWh <strong>of</strong> electricity <strong>for</strong> sale to the power grid or <strong>for</strong> operation <strong>of</strong> other collocated<br />
operations. The total energy conversion efficiency <strong>of</strong> this plant averages 50%. If the<br />
extra heat from the reciprocation engines/generators is recovered, then an extra 12%<br />
efficiency can be realized.<br />
Biochemical System (Ethanol and Electricity)<br />
This Category IX technology, when integrated with a thermal oxidation system<br />
(Category V) <strong>for</strong> the production <strong>of</strong> electricity and heat from the waste materials should<br />
be able to produce an average <strong>of</strong> 59 gallons <strong>of</strong> ethanol/BDT and an extra 205 kWh <strong>of</strong><br />
electricity. The total energy conversion efficiency <strong>of</strong> this plant averages 33%.<br />
Thermochemical System (Electricity)<br />
This Category I technology will produce a syngas with an average energy content in<br />
the range <strong>of</strong> 400-600 BTU/ft 3 at an average thermal energy conversion efficiency <strong>of</strong><br />
75%. This technology, when integrated with a reciprocating engine/electrical<br />
generator, operating at an average 40% syngas to electricity conversion efficiency, is<br />
expected to produce an average <strong>of</strong> 1,400 kWh <strong>of</strong> electricity per 1.0 dry ton <strong>of</strong> wood.<br />
Environmental Impacts (E3)<br />
All thermochemical and biochemical processes <strong>for</strong> the conversion <strong>of</strong> biomass to<br />
bioalcohols will produce air, water and solid waste effluents. However, the levels <strong>of</strong><br />
these effluents can be minimized by implementing the current BACT (Best<br />
Available Control Technology) and developing even more advanced control<br />
technologies. The collection, transport, and processing <strong>of</strong> biomass can also result<br />
in certain air pollution and other environmental impacts beyond those described<br />
here <strong>for</strong> production facilities.<br />
Thermochemical System (Mixed Alcohols and Electricity)<br />
The emissions <strong>of</strong> criteria pollutants <strong>for</strong> this plant are similar to the electricity-only plant,<br />
as described below.<br />
Biochemical System (Ethanol and Electricity)<br />
The criteria pollutant emissions from this plant are similar to that <strong>of</strong> a biomass<br />
combustion plant. This is, in part, due to the use <strong>of</strong> a biomass combustion plant <strong>for</strong><br />
the generation <strong>of</strong> electricity and heat from the waste products.<br />
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