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oxidation, applying both the addition of oxygen and a pressure release at high temperature (170-200 o C). BioGasol’s method uses no chemicals and only a smal amount of oxygen is added. A wide variety of feedstocks can reportedly be accommodated by the process, including straws, corn fiber and stover, grasses, bagasse and wood. Development Status–The Biogasol technology is currently being tested in a pilotscale facility at DTU. Biogasol has collaborated with Novozymes to develop an enzyme system for application in its process. Future Plans–Biogasol has plans for a larger demonstration facility, scheduled to start in 2007. The company eventually plans to license their technology worldwide. Figure A20. Biogasol Technology Biogasol, all rights reserved Swan Biomass Company, Glen Ellyn, Illinois Organizational Background–Swan Biomass was formed in the 1990s as a collaboration between Amoco Corp. and Stone and Webster Engineering. Today, Swan operates as an independent company pursuing commercialization of acid/enzymatic hydrolysis-based technology for producing ethanol from various celulosic feedstocks, which Swan’s principals have been engaged in since the origins at Amoco. Swan has also been a contractor or sub-contractor in several U.S. Department of Energy-sponsored projects and studies involving biomass-to-ethanol technology. 108
Technology Characteristics–The Swan technology is an advanced form of enzymatic hydrolysis and fermentation of biomass to produce fuel ethanol. Swan has utilized the National Renewable Energy Laboratory’s research and development facilities for testing of its process. The company has also worked with Purdue University on a modified yeast applicable to ethanol production. The Swan technology is said to be able to accommodate a variety of biomass feedstocks. Development Status–The company reports that the technology is currently ready for commercial deployment. Emissions of some criteria air pollutants (particulates, NOx, SOx, CO, HC ’s, VOC’s, toxics) are said to have been measured; emissions of others are being determined. Net energy balance and greenhouse gas emissions analysis have also reportedly been completed for the technology. In its currently preferred configuration waste biomass will be imported to balance energy requirements. Detailed technical data results for the process are being held confidential by Swan. Future Development Plans–Swan is part of a venture being undertaken in the Imperial Valley of California to produce ethanol from sugarcane. Known as Imperial Valley Biorefining LLC, this project intends to apply the Swan technology to convert all of the sugarcane plant, including the cellulosic components, to ethanol at an initial scale of approximately 30 million gallons per year. Expanded applications, including other projects in Imperial Valley and elsewhere are also planned. Additional feedstocks are also being investigated, including other agricultural wastes and residues and wood. Swan’s business plan is to license its technology for multiple project developers and act as a project facilitator, rather than construct or operate projects of its own. Mascoma Corp., Cambridge, Massachusetts Organizational Background–The Mascoma Corporation was founded in 2005 based on many years of cellulosic ethanol research and development by Dartmouth College laboratories. Mascoma maintains corporate offices in Cambridge, MA and research and development labs in Lebanon, NH. In 2006 Mascoma secured Series A funding in the amount of $4 million from Flagship Ventures and Khosla Ventures. In November 2006 the company raised an additional $30 million in Series B funding from General Catalyst Partners, with additional participation from Kleiner Perkins Caufield & Byers, Vantage Point Venture Partners, Atlas Venture, and Pinnacle Ventures, as well as existing investors Khosla Ventures and Flagship Ventures. Technology Characteristics–The Mascoma thermophilic Simultaneous Saccharifcation and Fermentation (tSSF) technology is based on the modification of thermoanaerobacterium saccharolyticum. This strain has demonstrated the ability to produce ethanol from xylose at elevated fermentation temperatures. This innovation substantially reduces the cellulase required in the production of ethanol. The Mascoma technology has been tested at the laboratory scale level. 109
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Northern California Rice field Asse
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APPENDIX 1. TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPER PR
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LIST OF TABLES Table 1-Categories o
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INTRODUCTION The State of Californi
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY This report provi
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distributed production of bioalcoho
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from corn, sugarcane and other suga
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Table 1-Categories of Biomass Conve
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SECTION 2 - PAST CALIFORNIA BIOMASS
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the technological approach was too
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conversion technology at NREL, prep
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will use matching funds from the U.
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Report: Feasibility Study for Rice
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Environmental issues Market issues
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Presentation: Collins Pine Cogenera
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Syngas Production The thermochemica
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Alcohol Synthesis The direct synthe
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SECTION 4 - BIOCHEMICAL TECHNOLOGIE
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Feedstock Pretreatment There are a
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Achieving such cost reductions woul
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Another novel approach to bioalcoho
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have been run for a sufficient time
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concerns. This evaluation determine
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The data in Table 5 are based upon
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Thermochemical System (Electricity)
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SECTION 8 - OPPORTUNITIES AND CHALL
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For all of the biomass resource cat
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The above CEC and CBC inventories o
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Economic and Institutional Challeng
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SECTION 9 - GOVERNMENT ROLES AND IN
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SECTION 10 - CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMM
Page 63 and 64: initial attractive application may
Page 65 and 66: SECTION 11 - REFERENCES Barrett, J.
Page 67 and 68: Collaborative, California Energy Co
Page 69 and 70: CATEGORY 1-THERMOCHEMICAL PROCESSES
Page 71 and 72: and CO at the compression stage. Th
Page 73 and 74: Range Fuels, Inc., Denver, Colorado
Page 75 and 76: CATEGORY II-THERMOCHEMICAL PROCESSE
Page 77 and 78: Figure A4. Enerkem Process Diagram
Page 79 and 80: The slag leaves the gasifier and is
Page 81 and 82: Figure A6. Thermogenics, Inc., Tech
Page 83 and 84: CATEGORY VIII-BIOCHEMICAL PROCESSES
Page 85 and 86: Figure A8. BlueFire Arkenol Technol
Page 87 and 88: Figure A9. BEI Process Celunol Corp
Page 89 and 90: support systems and using the conve
Page 91 and 92: several years ago, HFTA has been wi
Page 93 and 94: Figure A11. Losonoco Wood-to-Ethano
Page 95 and 96: OxyNol process. TVA is decommission
Page 97 and 98: Technology Characteristics-The biom
Page 99 and 100: Figure A14. PEC Biomass-to-Ethanol
Page 101 and 102: CATEGORY IX - BIOCHEMICAL PROCESSES
Page 103 and 104: Richland Washington, with U.S. DOE
Page 105 and 106: construction of which could begin i
Page 107 and 108: Figure A16. Iogen Biomass-to-Ethano
Page 109 and 110: commercialize a biomass-to-ethanol
Page 111 and 112: developed by CBE, is used to separa
Page 113: Figure A19. DuPont Process BioGasol
Page 117 and 118: CATEGORY X-OTHER BIOLOGICAL PROCESS
Page 119 and 120: CATEGORY XI-INTEGRATED BIOREFINERY
Page 121 and 122: CATEGORY XII-FERMENTATION OF SYNGAS
Page 123 and 124: APPENDIX 2. CALIFORNIA ETHANOL PROD
Page 125: Proposed Advanced Technology (Cellu
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