Assessment of Conversion Technologies for Bioalcohol Fuel ...

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Future Plans–The company has licensed its technology to Marubeni Corporation to operate a 323,424 gallon per year plant in Osaka, Japan, expected to be operational in 2007 and expanded to a capacity of 1.057 million gallons in 2008. With completion of Celunol’s merger with Diversa, the combined companies intend to accelerate the commercialization of their cellulosic ethanol production technology. A commercialscale facility at the Jennings, LA site is among the future projects under consideration. Dedini Industrias de Base, Piracicaiba, SP, Brazil Organizational Background–The Brazilian company Dedini, formed in 1920, is one of Brazil’s largest and most diverse industrial corporations,with areas of business ranging from chemicals, to food and beverages, to mining and cement, and including a number of energy-related business areas. One of Dedini’s primary areas of specialization is equipment for sugar and ethanol production plants as well as complete turn-key plants. Over 80% of the ethanol produced in Brazil reportedly employs Dedini equipment. In 1987, Dedini began development of biomass-to-ethanol production technology, in partnership with the Brazilian sugar and ethanol producer Copersucar and the State of Sao Paulo Research Supporting Foundation (FAPESP), with funding support from the World Bank. Technology Characteristics–Dedini’s technology, shown in Figure A10, is known as the Dedini Hidrolise Rapida (DHR) process, Portuguese for Rapid Hydrolysis. DHR uses the “organosolve” hydrolysis process to convert sugarcane bagasse into sugars which are then fermented and distilled into ethanol via conventional ethanol plant processes. The single-stage process employs both a very dilute acid for reduction of cellulose and hemicellulose to sugars and a strong solvent for lignin extraction. Of many lignin solvents tested, ethanol itself proved most effective and was selected for application. Both the ethanol solvent and the acid are recycled in the process, and lignin is recovered for use as a supplementary boiler fuel. DHR’s main unique feature is reduced hydrolysis reaction time (only a few minutes) in a continuous highthroughput process, with quick cooling of the hydrolysate. This is said to enable low capital and operating costs, higher yields and reduced operating complexity. Patents for the DHR process have been issued (beginning in 1996) in Brazil, the U.S., Canada, the European Union, and Russia, and applied for in Japan and other countries. Development Status–Following initial laboratory-scale testing, Dedini developed a 100 liters-per-day pilot plant at the Copersucar Technology Center in Piracicaiba, which has undergone 345 test runs over 2,100 hours with the DHR process. Technical-economic feasibility of the process is said to be confirmed by the pilot plant. Since 1992, Dedini and its partners have also operated a “semi-industrial” demonstration plant with the DHR technology, located at the Sao Luiz Sugar and Ethanol Plant in Pirassununga, Sao Paulo State. The DHR demonstration plant is coupled with the conventional sugarcane-to-ethanol plant, sharing various utility and 82
support systems and using the conventional plant’s fermentation/distilation systems for the finished ethanol production steps. For feedstock, the DHR demonstration plant uses a sidestream of the same sugarcane bagasse supply normally used to fuel the adjacent sugarcane-to-ethanol plant’s boilers. The demonstration plant has the capacity to process about 2 tons of bagasse per hour and produce about 5,000 liters (1,300 gallons) of ethanol per day, and is typically operated for five-day periods at a time continuously. Future Development Plans–Dedini and partners intend to continue operating the demonstration plant for an unspecified period of time in order to better define the engineering parameters and engineer solutions to remaining technical issues, leading to design of an industrial-scale unit. Dedini’s ultimate intention is to develop commercial DHR technology to offer ethanol producers as part of its core business selling equipment to the sugar and ethanol industries. Feedstocks other than sugarcane bagasse could eventually be explored for application of the DHR process, and the possibility of integrating enzymatic processing with DHR is not being ruled out. However, the near-term intention is to develop commercial applications of the existing DHR process using only sugarcane bagasse and integrated with conventional sugarcane-to-ethanol plants. Figure A10. Dedini Hidrolise Rapida (DHR) Process Dedini, all rights reserved 83
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Northern California Rice field Asse
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APPENDIX 1. TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPER PR
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LIST OF TABLES Table 1-Categories o
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INTRODUCTION The State of Californi
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY This report provi
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distributed production of bioalcoho
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from corn, sugarcane and other suga
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Table 1-Categories of Biomass Conve
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SECTION 2 - PAST CALIFORNIA BIOMASS
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the technological approach was too
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conversion technology at NREL, prep
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will use matching funds from the U.
Page 25 and 26:
Report: Feasibility Study for Rice
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Environmental issues Market issues
Page 29 and 30:
Presentation: Collins Pine Cogenera
Page 31 and 32:
Syngas Production The thermochemica
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Alcohol Synthesis The direct synthe
Page 35 and 36:
SECTION 4 - BIOCHEMICAL TECHNOLOGIE
Page 37 and 38: Feedstock Pretreatment There are a
Page 39 and 40: Achieving such cost reductions woul
Page 41 and 42: Another novel approach to bioalcoho
Page 43 and 44: have been run for a sufficient time
Page 45 and 46: concerns. This evaluation determine
Page 47 and 48: The data in Table 5 are based upon
Page 49 and 50: Thermochemical System (Electricity)
Page 51 and 52: SECTION 8 - OPPORTUNITIES AND CHALL
Page 53 and 54: For all of the biomass resource cat
Page 55 and 56: The above CEC and CBC inventories o
Page 57 and 58: Economic and Institutional Challeng
Page 59 and 60: SECTION 9 - GOVERNMENT ROLES AND IN
Page 61 and 62: SECTION 10 - CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMM
Page 63 and 64: initial attractive application may
Page 65 and 66: SECTION 11 - REFERENCES Barrett, J.
Page 67 and 68: Collaborative, California Energy Co
Page 69 and 70: CATEGORY 1-THERMOCHEMICAL PROCESSES
Page 71 and 72: and CO at the compression stage. Th
Page 73 and 74: Range Fuels, Inc., Denver, Colorado
Page 75 and 76: CATEGORY II-THERMOCHEMICAL PROCESSE
Page 77 and 78: Figure A4. Enerkem Process Diagram
Page 79 and 80: The slag leaves the gasifier and is
Page 81 and 82: Figure A6. Thermogenics, Inc., Tech
Page 83 and 84: CATEGORY VIII-BIOCHEMICAL PROCESSES
Page 85 and 86: Figure A8. BlueFire Arkenol Technol
Page 87: Figure A9. BEI Process Celunol Corp
Page 91 and 92: several years ago, HFTA has been wi
Page 93 and 94: Figure A11. Losonoco Wood-to-Ethano
Page 95 and 96: OxyNol process. TVA is decommission
Page 97 and 98: Technology Characteristics-The biom
Page 99 and 100: Figure A14. PEC Biomass-to-Ethanol
Page 101 and 102: CATEGORY IX - BIOCHEMICAL PROCESSES
Page 103 and 104: Richland Washington, with U.S. DOE
Page 105 and 106: construction of which could begin i
Page 107 and 108: Figure A16. Iogen Biomass-to-Ethano
Page 109 and 110: commercialize a biomass-to-ethanol
Page 111 and 112: developed by CBE, is used to separa
Page 113 and 114: Figure A19. DuPont Process BioGasol
Page 115 and 116: Technology Characteristics-The Swan
Page 117 and 118: CATEGORY X-OTHER BIOLOGICAL PROCESS
Page 119 and 120: CATEGORY XI-INTEGRATED BIOREFINERY
Page 121 and 122: CATEGORY XII-FERMENTATION OF SYNGAS
Page 123 and 124: APPENDIX 2. CALIFORNIA ETHANOL PROD
Page 125: Proposed Advanced Technology (Cellu
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