Assessment of Conversion Technologies for Bioalcohol Fuel ...

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Pure Energy Corp., Paramus, New Jersey Organizational Background–Pure Energy Corporation (PEC), established in 1992, is a renewable energy and biotechnology development company, with partner laboratories and testing centers in five states. PEC’s activities have been partly funded by USDOE, USEPA and other federal and state agencies. Among various biofuel production technologies under development by PEC is an integrated biorefinery concept that combines biochemical and thermochemical technologies. PEC has also developed and patented a number of proprietary fuel formulations Technology Characteristics–The PEC technology process, shown in Figure A14, involves feedstock size reduction followed by an integrated two stage hydrolysis process. The resultant slurry contains lignin, ash and unreacted cellulose, which can be used to generate electricity and process steam. The glucose produced through hydrolysis can be treated to produce ethanol and organic acids. The xylose component is processed using thermochemical treatment. The technology combines fuels, solvents and chemicals production by combining fermentation and catalytic thermochemical conversion processes into a single processing system. Among the coproducts obtainable from the process are organic acids, furans, aldehydes and esters. Development Status–PEC reports that, since 1997, it has operated its biorefinery system in the laboratory, at the pilot scale and in a demonstration plant, working in conjunction with the Tennessee Valley Authority. Over 42 different biomass feedstocks have reportedly been tested, including various agricultural wastes, municipal solid waste components and wood waste and other industrial wastes. Future Plans–PEC plans to continue developing or licensing innovative technologies for the production of fuels, the fuels' constituent chemicals and their formulations. The company indicates that it is prepared to scale up its technology and implement it in a commercial plant. 92
Figure A14. PEC Biomass-to-Ethanol Technology Xethanol Corp., New York, New York Organizational Background–Xethanol entered the ethanol business in 2003 with acquisition of an existing corn-to-ethanol plant in Hopkinton Iowa, and purchased another similar plant in Blairstown Iowa in 2004. In 2005, Xethanol went public with its stock listed on the American Stock Exchange. In addition to conventional corn-toethanol production, Xethanol has announced plans to develop a cellulosic ethanol production technology and apply this process in projects the company is pursuing in several Eastern U.S. states to produce ethanol from various sources of biomass wastes and residues. Since becoming a publicly-traded company, Xethanol has been the subject of widely-circulated reports and analyses by investment advisory firms, and the company has undergone corporate reorganization and management changes. Technology Characteristics–Xethanol has become involved with an acid hydrolysis-based cellulosic biomass-to-ethanol technology under development at Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University (Virginia Tech). The Virginia Tech process has been described as a “cost-effective pretreatment process that integrates three technologies–cellulose solvent pretreatment, concentrated acid saccharification, and organosolv, and overcomes the limitations of existing processes”. A novel feature of the process is its use of a phosphoric acid/acetone solution. The process is said to operate at atmospheric pressure and 50 C (120 F), instead of other systems operating at higher pressures and between 150 and 250 degrees C. Byproducts include lignin and acetic acid. Development Status–The Virginia Tech process, which shares some of its development origins with related process development at Dartmouth College, has 93
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Northern California Rice field Asse
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APPENDIX 1. TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPER PR
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LIST OF TABLES Table 1-Categories o
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INTRODUCTION The State of Californi
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY This report provi
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distributed production of bioalcoho
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from corn, sugarcane and other suga
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Table 1-Categories of Biomass Conve
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SECTION 2 - PAST CALIFORNIA BIOMASS
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the technological approach was too
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conversion technology at NREL, prep
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will use matching funds from the U.
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Report: Feasibility Study for Rice
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Environmental issues Market issues
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Presentation: Collins Pine Cogenera
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Syngas Production The thermochemica
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Alcohol Synthesis The direct synthe
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SECTION 4 - BIOCHEMICAL TECHNOLOGIE
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Feedstock Pretreatment There are a
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Achieving such cost reductions woul
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Another novel approach to bioalcoho
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have been run for a sufficient time
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concerns. This evaluation determine
Page 47 and 48: The data in Table 5 are based upon
Page 49 and 50: Thermochemical System (Electricity)
Page 51 and 52: SECTION 8 - OPPORTUNITIES AND CHALL
Page 53 and 54: For all of the biomass resource cat
Page 55 and 56: The above CEC and CBC inventories o
Page 57 and 58: Economic and Institutional Challeng
Page 59 and 60: SECTION 9 - GOVERNMENT ROLES AND IN
Page 61 and 62: SECTION 10 - CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMM
Page 63 and 64: initial attractive application may
Page 65 and 66: SECTION 11 - REFERENCES Barrett, J.
Page 67 and 68: Collaborative, California Energy Co
Page 69 and 70: CATEGORY 1-THERMOCHEMICAL PROCESSES
Page 71 and 72: and CO at the compression stage. Th
Page 73 and 74: Range Fuels, Inc., Denver, Colorado
Page 75 and 76: CATEGORY II-THERMOCHEMICAL PROCESSE
Page 77 and 78: Figure A4. Enerkem Process Diagram
Page 79 and 80: The slag leaves the gasifier and is
Page 81 and 82: Figure A6. Thermogenics, Inc., Tech
Page 83 and 84: CATEGORY VIII-BIOCHEMICAL PROCESSES
Page 85 and 86: Figure A8. BlueFire Arkenol Technol
Page 87 and 88: Figure A9. BEI Process Celunol Corp
Page 89 and 90: support systems and using the conve
Page 91 and 92: several years ago, HFTA has been wi
Page 93 and 94: Figure A11. Losonoco Wood-to-Ethano
Page 95 and 96: OxyNol process. TVA is decommission
Page 97: Technology Characteristics-The biom
Page 101 and 102: CATEGORY IX - BIOCHEMICAL PROCESSES
Page 103 and 104: Richland Washington, with U.S. DOE
Page 105 and 106: construction of which could begin i
Page 107 and 108: Figure A16. Iogen Biomass-to-Ethano
Page 109 and 110: commercialize a biomass-to-ethanol
Page 111 and 112: developed by CBE, is used to separa
Page 113 and 114: Figure A19. DuPont Process BioGasol
Page 115 and 116: Technology Characteristics-The Swan
Page 117 and 118: CATEGORY X-OTHER BIOLOGICAL PROCESS
Page 119 and 120: CATEGORY XI-INTEGRATED BIOREFINERY
Page 121 and 122: CATEGORY XII-FERMENTATION OF SYNGAS
Page 123 and 124: APPENDIX 2. CALIFORNIA ETHANOL PROD
Page 125: Proposed Advanced Technology (Cellu
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