Assessment of Conversion Technologies for Bioalcohol Fuel ...

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Among the aspects of the Collins Pine project that offer valuable experience and applicable lessons going forward are: Forest residue supplies in California could supply a cellulosic ethanol project (or projects), if sufficient forest thinning operations were conducted on both private and federal forestlands. However, such facilities require long term supply contracts, 10 years or more, to effectively attract financing. This is a particularly difficult thing to do for federal forestlands. There are initiatives afoot in the U.S. Department of Agriculture and U.S. Department of the Interior to allow the federal government to enter into such long-term contracts, but these initiatives are not yet fully realized. Technology developer claims need verification (as described above for the Gridley Ethanol Project) Economic stability and/or fortitude of technology developers need to be confirmed. Many of the emerging technology companies in recent years have been relatively small business concerns, with limited funding resources. Emerging technologies, often fraught with potential changes and subsequent unforeseen costs, can severely stress business finances causing project delays and failures. Although this may be changing as funding of emerging technologies for cellulosic biomass-to-alcohol fuels is experiencing a big upswing, it is nonetheless prudent for project developers, particularly in publicfunded projects, to scrutinize their technologyprovider’seconomic stability. Reference documents on the Collins Pine Project (housed in the CEC Library) are listed below: CEC Project Description CEC Project Fact Sheet Report: CEC/Collins Pine Subcontract, Interim Report, Executive Summary; prepared by BC International, July 2001 Report: Collins Pine Electricity Market Assessment, prepared by TSS Consultants, April 2001 Presentation: Collins Pine Ethanol Project Lignin Residue Characterization, prepared by National Renewable Energy Laboratory, November 29, 2000 Report: Power/Ethanol Cogeneration Basis of Design Report; Contract #500- 98-043 of the CEC Public Interest Energy Research (PIER) Program, prepared by BC International, April 2000 Presentation: Collins Pines Cogeneration Project; prepared by TSS Consultants, February 9, 2000, 22
Presentation: Collins Pine Cogeneration Project; prepared by California Institute of Food and Agricultural Research, presented at CEC Project Review Meeting November 29, 1999 Memorandum: Collins Pines Project; prepared by BC International, September 9, 1999 Report: Collins Pine Ethanol Project, Early Discernment of Environmental Impact Issues, Phase I, Task 2.5.1.1; Contract #500-98-043 of the California Energy Commission, Public Interest Energy Research (PIER) Program, prepared by TSS Consultants, August 2000 Report: Northeastern California Ethanol Manufacturing Feasibility Study; prepared by The Quincy Library Group, California Energy Commission, California Institute of Food and Agricultural Research, Plumas Corporation, TSS Consultants, and National Renewable Energy Laboratory, November 1997 Report: Quincy Library Group Northeastern California Ethanol Manufacturing Feasibility Study, Feedstock Supply and Delivery Systems, Final Report; prepared by TSS Consultants, June 1997 23
Page 1 and 2: Northern California Rice field Asse
Page 3 and 4: APPENDIX 1. TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPER PR
Page 5 and 6: LIST OF TABLES Table 1-Categories o
Page 7 and 8: INTRODUCTION The State of Californi
Page 9 and 10: EXECUTIVE SUMMARY This report provi
Page 11 and 12: distributed production of bioalcoho
Page 13 and 14: from corn, sugarcane and other suga
Page 15 and 16: Table 1-Categories of Biomass Conve
Page 17 and 18: SECTION 2 - PAST CALIFORNIA BIOMASS
Page 19 and 20: the technological approach was too
Page 21 and 22: conversion technology at NREL, prep
Page 23 and 24: will use matching funds from the U.
Page 25 and 26: Report: Feasibility Study for Rice
Page 27: Environmental issues Market issues
Page 31 and 32: Syngas Production The thermochemica
Page 33 and 34: Alcohol Synthesis The direct synthe
Page 35 and 36: SECTION 4 - BIOCHEMICAL TECHNOLOGIE
Page 37 and 38: Feedstock Pretreatment There are a
Page 39 and 40: Achieving such cost reductions woul
Page 41 and 42: Another novel approach to bioalcoho
Page 43 and 44: have been run for a sufficient time
Page 45 and 46: concerns. This evaluation determine
Page 47 and 48: The data in Table 5 are based upon
Page 49 and 50: Thermochemical System (Electricity)
Page 51 and 52: SECTION 8 - OPPORTUNITIES AND CHALL
Page 53 and 54: For all of the biomass resource cat
Page 55 and 56: The above CEC and CBC inventories o
Page 57 and 58: Economic and Institutional Challeng
Page 59 and 60: SECTION 9 - GOVERNMENT ROLES AND IN
Page 61 and 62: SECTION 10 - CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMM
Page 63 and 64: initial attractive application may
Page 65 and 66: SECTION 11 - REFERENCES Barrett, J.
Page 67 and 68: Collaborative, California Energy Co
Page 69 and 70: CATEGORY 1-THERMOCHEMICAL PROCESSES
Page 71 and 72: and CO at the compression stage. Th
Page 73 and 74: Range Fuels, Inc., Denver, Colorado
Page 75 and 76: CATEGORY II-THERMOCHEMICAL PROCESSE
Page 77 and 78: Figure A4. Enerkem Process Diagram
Page 79 and 80:
The slag leaves the gasifier and is
Page 81 and 82:
Figure A6. Thermogenics, Inc., Tech
Page 83 and 84:
CATEGORY VIII-BIOCHEMICAL PROCESSES
Page 85 and 86:
Figure A8. BlueFire Arkenol Technol
Page 87 and 88:
Figure A9. BEI Process Celunol Corp
Page 89 and 90:
support systems and using the conve
Page 91 and 92:
several years ago, HFTA has been wi
Page 93 and 94:
Figure A11. Losonoco Wood-to-Ethano
Page 95 and 96:
OxyNol process. TVA is decommission
Page 97 and 98:
Technology Characteristics-The biom
Page 99 and 100:
Figure A14. PEC Biomass-to-Ethanol
Page 101 and 102:
CATEGORY IX - BIOCHEMICAL PROCESSES
Page 103 and 104:
Richland Washington, with U.S. DOE
Page 105 and 106:
construction of which could begin i
Page 107 and 108:
Figure A16. Iogen Biomass-to-Ethano
Page 109 and 110:
commercialize a biomass-to-ethanol
Page 111 and 112:
developed by CBE, is used to separa
Page 113 and 114:
Figure A19. DuPont Process BioGasol
Page 115 and 116:
Technology Characteristics-The Swan
Page 117 and 118:
CATEGORY X-OTHER BIOLOGICAL PROCESS
Page 119 and 120:
CATEGORY XI-INTEGRATED BIOREFINERY
Page 121 and 122:
CATEGORY XII-FERMENTATION OF SYNGAS
Page 123 and 124:
APPENDIX 2. CALIFORNIA ETHANOL PROD
Page 125:
Proposed Advanced Technology (Cellu
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