Assessment of Conversion Technologies for Bioalcohol Fuel ...

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Thermo Conversions, Denver, Colorado Organizational Background–Thermo Conversions (TC) is a privately help company involved in joint ventures with several organizations to pursue thermochemical bioenergy technology development. Partner companies include Wiley Engineering and others. TC plans are to develop and deploy fully integrated systems for the coproduction of bioalcohols, electricity and heat. Technology Characteristics–The TC technology utilizes thermochemical pyrolysis/steam reforming in the absence of oxygen or air, intended to optimize conversion efficiency of biomass carbon to syngas. TC claims to have made a number of significant technical innovations and improvements to the state-of-the-art including: modular design that facilitates sectional construction and allows rapid service of parts and components; a track-feed biomass introduction system; a system that eliminates air from entering the pyrolysis chamber, minimizing oxidation of organic compounds; injection of ionized water into the reactor, enhancing syngas production and reducing production of tars and phenols; and a flue gas closed-loop recycling system to enhance carbon source conversion and reduce emissions. Energy efficient production of cleaned syngas is predicted by TC to represent energy content in the 400-600 BTU/cubic ft. range. This syngas can be used for the production of electricity, heat and steam or converted to liquid fuels and chemical feedstocks allowing the handling of most all types of feedstock materials. Development Status–The TC technology has been integrated with a syngas to bioalcohol and electricity production technology developed by Pacific Renewable Fuels (PRF). The PRF technology employs next-generation catalysts and process control technologies for which several patents are pending. Parts, components and materials are applied that have undergone long-term testing under real-world operating conditions and that are readily available from reliable suppliers. The trackfeed biomass introduction system utilized has been proven to be reliable through many years of use by the coal industry. Future Plans–A 200 ton/day TC production plant for the conversion of biomass to electricity and bioalcohol is being built at a location in the Port of Toledo, OH area. This TC plant will be equipped with instrumentation that will allow environmental, energy and mass balance measurements. The plant has been designed with a high level of modularity so that operational changes can be made quickly to solve any problems that may arise and to further enhance the “optimization” of syngas energy value, purity, and volume output from the system. TC indicates they are also designing other plants for deployment in the U.S. and Canada. 68
CATEGORY II–THERMOCHEMICAL PROCESSES INCORPORATING GASIFICATION WITH OXYGEN Bioversion Industries, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada Organizational Background–Bioversion Industries Inc. (Bioversion) was established in 2005 in Ontario, Canada by Thermo Design Engineering Limited, an Alberta engineering and construction company that specializes in petrochemical and chemical process systems and Woodland Chemical Systems Inc., a developer of process technologies for the areas of energy, environment, and waste disposal. Bioversions is licensed by Woodland Chemical for the Catalyzed Pressure Reduction (CPR) technology. Technology Characteristics–The CPR technology is a gasification technology designed to convert lignocellulosic feedstock to ethanol. The feedstock is sized to less than two inch blocks, and then dried to fifteen percent moisture. The ethanol production system creates extra heat that is used to dry the feedstock. The CPR technology then utilizes a proprietary gasifier to produce a synthesis gas composed of carbon monoxide, hydrogen, methane, carbon dioxide and minor amounts of larger carbon molecules. The system is equipped with a gas clean-up system to remove contaminants that may disrupt the alcohol catalyst. The syngas then reacts with the catalyst to produce alcohol. The alcohol is then purified to ethanol containing 0.75 percent water. Development Status–Bench scale studies were initiated in 1991 with the development of a system operating at 50 gm of biomass per hour. A 25 kg/hr pilot scale gasification model was developed in 1995, which incorporated indirect heating and processing of syngas to organic liquids. Computer simulations were carried out using Honeywell Unisym dynamic simulation software to validate the pilot scale studies. The company is currently developing a demonstration facility and completing the engineering design phase. Future Plans–Bioversions is currently developing their first industrial scale plant in Eastern Canada with construction expected to begin in 2007. The company is currently negotiating relationships with U.S. ethanol producers. In addition Bioversions is in discussions with a major international investment bank and with a leading renewable energy group to complete financing of the company’s first owned plant in 2007. 69
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Northern California Rice field Asse
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APPENDIX 1. TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPER PR
Page 5 and 6:
LIST OF TABLES Table 1-Categories o
Page 7 and 8:
INTRODUCTION The State of Californi
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY This report provi
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distributed production of bioalcoho
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from corn, sugarcane and other suga
Page 15 and 16:
Table 1-Categories of Biomass Conve
Page 17 and 18:
SECTION 2 - PAST CALIFORNIA BIOMASS
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the technological approach was too
Page 21 and 22:
conversion technology at NREL, prep
Page 23 and 24: will use matching funds from the U.
Page 25 and 26: Report: Feasibility Study for Rice
Page 27 and 28: Environmental issues Market issues
Page 29 and 30: Presentation: Collins Pine Cogenera
Page 31 and 32: Syngas Production The thermochemica
Page 33 and 34: Alcohol Synthesis The direct synthe
Page 35 and 36: SECTION 4 - BIOCHEMICAL TECHNOLOGIE
Page 37 and 38: Feedstock Pretreatment There are a
Page 39 and 40: Achieving such cost reductions woul
Page 41 and 42: Another novel approach to bioalcoho
Page 43 and 44: have been run for a sufficient time
Page 45 and 46: concerns. This evaluation determine
Page 47 and 48: The data in Table 5 are based upon
Page 49 and 50: Thermochemical System (Electricity)
Page 51 and 52: SECTION 8 - OPPORTUNITIES AND CHALL
Page 53 and 54: For all of the biomass resource cat
Page 55 and 56: The above CEC and CBC inventories o
Page 57 and 58: Economic and Institutional Challeng
Page 59 and 60: SECTION 9 - GOVERNMENT ROLES AND IN
Page 61 and 62: SECTION 10 - CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMM
Page 63 and 64: initial attractive application may
Page 65 and 66: SECTION 11 - REFERENCES Barrett, J.
Page 67 and 68: Collaborative, California Energy Co
Page 69 and 70: CATEGORY 1-THERMOCHEMICAL PROCESSES
Page 71 and 72: and CO at the compression stage. Th
Page 73: Range Fuels, Inc., Denver, Colorado
Page 77 and 78: Figure A4. Enerkem Process Diagram
Page 79 and 80: The slag leaves the gasifier and is
Page 81 and 82: Figure A6. Thermogenics, Inc., Tech
Page 83 and 84: CATEGORY VIII-BIOCHEMICAL PROCESSES
Page 85 and 86: Figure A8. BlueFire Arkenol Technol
Page 87 and 88: Figure A9. BEI Process Celunol Corp
Page 89 and 90: support systems and using the conve
Page 91 and 92: several years ago, HFTA has been wi
Page 93 and 94: Figure A11. Losonoco Wood-to-Ethano
Page 95 and 96: OxyNol process. TVA is decommission
Page 97 and 98: Technology Characteristics-The biom
Page 99 and 100: Figure A14. PEC Biomass-to-Ethanol
Page 101 and 102: CATEGORY IX - BIOCHEMICAL PROCESSES
Page 103 and 104: Richland Washington, with U.S. DOE
Page 105 and 106: construction of which could begin i
Page 107 and 108: Figure A16. Iogen Biomass-to-Ethano
Page 109 and 110: commercialize a biomass-to-ethanol
Page 111 and 112: developed by CBE, is used to separa
Page 113 and 114: Figure A19. DuPont Process BioGasol
Page 115 and 116: Technology Characteristics-The Swan
Page 117 and 118: CATEGORY X-OTHER BIOLOGICAL PROCESS
Page 119 and 120: CATEGORY XI-INTEGRATED BIOREFINERY
Page 121 and 122: CATEGORY XII-FERMENTATION OF SYNGAS
Page 123 and 124: APPENDIX 2. CALIFORNIA ETHANOL PROD
Page 125:
Proposed Advanced Technology (Cellu
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